The Rule Term Limits Rules

The resulting districts are normally referred to as gerrymanders and they are composed of pro-incumbents and partisans. Partisan gerrymandering involves the redrawing of political lines in order to favor a given political party. Incumbent gerrymandering involves the redrawing of boundaries in a bipartisan manner that is aimed at benefiting the incumbents on both sides of the aisle (Snider 2012).

Living in the present and looking back at the past, we as citizens see what has worked and what can be improved; Congress is a good example of this. Some may say that Congress is a failure and some may be happy and proud of the way it functions and runs our country. For those who do not approve of it, the idea is to start fresh and get new ideas, people and habits into office. With the way Congress works today, that may not be the easiest tasks. In order to make changes in Congress, time is needed; a significant change cannot be made over night and expect it to run smoothly. One of the ways to bring change and settle the debate of whether or not to ‘restart Congress’ is to set term limits on congressional members. There should be term

Dating back to its admission into statehood, reform has been an undeniable element of California. It could even be argued that many important landmarks in our state history were defined by acts of reform, such as the implementation of direct democracy into its state constitution during the progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th century. In modern California, it could be argued that there has been no greater landmark than the passage of Proposition 140.

Political parties are critical structures in the modern society and universal phenomena in most democracies. In fact, they form major objects of intensive study as they are usually the centre of political and social power. They engage in most activities that are of significant consequence in the lives of citizens and link the common populace to the government. Therefore, it is important to understand political parties fully from every perspective of political systems so obtain their real importance in democracies. A political party is basically a group of citizens who converge as voters, activists, electoral candidates and office holders with a common party label and seek to elect party members into public offices. While modern political

Gerrymandering is the process of altering electoral districts to favor a political party over the other by receiving more votes in that districts based on the population demographics and party affiliation. Gerrymandering was founded when Governor Elbridge Gerry of Massachusetts had enacted a bill that would allow the state to the redistricted in a way that would favor the party he represented, which was the Democratic-Republican Party, over the Federalists. When the redistricting plan was brought to the press, the term was created using Governor Gerry's name and salamander after one district in Boston appeared to look like a salamander.

Because the Supreme Court gave no definition of what compact means, the majority party continues to draw districts in crazy shapes to insure victory for one side. In some cases, minority neighborhoods miles apart get connected by a street running in between them that makes them eligible to become a single district (Wilson 241-242). The first case of gerrymandering occurred in Massachusetts in 1812. Governor Eldridge Gerry redistricted his state in a way that gave his party an unfair advantage. When pictures of one of the crazy districts got out, a political cartoonist thought the picture looked like a salamander and the name gerrymandering stuck (Foglia). Three different types of gerrymandering occur today. The first type, called “excess vote,” occurs when the controlling party stacks all of its opponent’s voters into a few districts. The second type, called “wasted vote,” occurs often when the majority party places the opposing parties strongholds throughout their own district to dilute the opposing parties strength. The final type, know as “stacked voting,” occurs when a the majority party puts the voters that favor them into districts that will insure their victory (Foglia). One of the professors at the Lott Institute at the University of Mississippi, Dr. Winburn said, “Redistricting probably has more to do with the outcome of elections than any traditional issue, and maybe even the economy”(Winburn).

What are the major problems California has faced since 2000? How have the governors and legislature dealt with these problems? What does the future hold for California? Chapter 40-41

2. Gerrymandering is used to describe the creation of an odd shaped electoral district in order to favor the candidates of one party. The problem is the district that breaks the other party’s majority into fragments happens when the party there by denying fair representation. That was the problem

The key supporters of Proposition 35 are Structural Engineers Association of California, California Chamber of Commerce, California Taxpayers Association, and League of California Cities. The key opponents of Proposition 35 are Howard Jarvis Taxpayers Association, Congress of California Seniors, Professional Engineers in California Government, and California State Employees Association.

Abstract: The term limits movement for state legislatures has been gaining momentum. Fourteen states adopted limit initiatives in 1992. The goal of this final paper was to determine the factors that have contributed to the growth of the term limits movement. Much background research was conducted to determine the characteristics of the movement. Past research suggested several apparent reasons for the growth of the movement. These reasons included the existence of direct initiative, rates of legislator turnover, incumbency, regional political culture, citizen involvement, and the influence of interest groups.The overall questions for the project were to evaluate the factors which may have affected the movement. Including: what factors have influenced the growth of the term limits movement? In order to answer this question several hypotheses were tested for factors which have been used to explain the movement. The overall research conclusion was that the only explanatory factor for the growth of the term limits movement was the existence of the direct state initiative. The other factors include the regulation of the congressional developments. More states would have term limits if they had the power of initiative and term limits will likely be restricted to states which have this power, however, they should be placed in congress.

This is when one party tries to put the opposing parties voters ethier in one district, or spreading the voters out thinly over multiple districts, where they can’t get a majority in any of the districts. sometimes , though, certain parties do this to themselves. Take democrats for example, most of them live in bigger cities were there are multiple job opportunities, hence they are packing themselves into one maybe two districts, while republicans tend to live out on farm lands and in small towns, spreading them more evenly throughout most states. In the 2012 election republicans sent eighteen more representatives to the house, and in 2016 they sent

In the sequence of set electoral regions, gerrymandering is a exercise that efforts to create a political benefit for a specific group by controlling district borders to generate opinionated privileged districts. The subsequent regional distribution is identified as a gerrymander; nevertheless, that term can also denote to the process. When used to claim that a prearranged party is achieve unequal authority, the word gerrymandering has deleterious implications.

The Blaine campaign targeted Cleveland’s record as governor of New York in a leaflet posted in New York City. Cleveland vetoed several bills that were authored by the New York Assembly under Theodore Roosevelt. One of these bills, the Tenure-of-Office Bill, would have shortened the term of the superintendent of public works, Hubert Thompson, who was known to be corrupt. Roosevelt also supervised a committee that convicted Sheriff Davidson, a leader of Irving Hall, of stealing large sums of money from New York City. Furthermore, Cleveland encountered widespread criticism from vetoing a bill that provided care for a crippled soldier, James Young. The Blaine campaign drew attention to rejected bills that would have assisted the working class.

Most bills must have simple majority to pass. At this point of development, the process is especially exemplary because the bill in the Senate is now considered by debate to better illustrate its strengths and/or weaknesses. To summarize, the bill has now been passed by both houses of congress.

If party imbalance disorganizes dominant party minority party is pulverized. Minority doesn't fight. Young people gain dominant party, and second party goes national.