The Schelling Segregation Model

Sociologist Donald Noel’s hypotheses state, “If two or more groups come together in a contact situation characterized by ethnocentrism, competition, and a differential in power, then some form of racial or ethnic stratification will result (Healey & O 'Brien, 2015, p. 104). In this hypothesis, the contact situation is the initial contact of the groups and results in a dominant and minority group.

Segregation, while conjuring a negative stigma of social inequalities, may have evolved over time to be beneficial to certain family groups and structures. This research will look into details some of the advantages and disadvantages of modern day self-segregation trends. Taking into consideration the historical perspective as well as the diverse family structures, this research will also look into why the groups choose to self-segregate rather than blend in with the larger society.

This essay will attempt to show evidence that supports the question ‘Does residential segregation shape the social life of cities and people’s sense of who they are’ by using different types of evidence, such as qualitative, which comes from interviews, focus groups, or even pictures and other artistic endeavours like murals. Whilst quantitative is obtained from statistics, surveys and records. Evidence will be looked at by what has appeared over time, looking at the growth of Manchester during 1800’s, with migration of people from the country side, to the city to take up jobs of an industrial nature and how segregation kept the wealthy and workers apart and the inequalities of conditions they lived in. Then at more recent evidence showing a case study of Belfast and the history of a single street Portland Road in London and how segregation can create connections as well as disconnections in people’s lives and how this shapes peoples sense of who they are.

One of the geographical characteristics of cities is the proportion of low-lying areas that exists. Studies have been carried out to examine residential segregation. The theory that was being studied was whether

This theory is often referred to as a Concentric Zone Theory.# Burgess believed that as cities expand in size, the development is patterned socially and argued that the city of Chicago could be described in terms of five concentric zones. It was by a competitive process that decided how people were distributed spatially amongst the zones.# The most expensive residential areas were in the outer zones, away from the chaotic atmosphere in the city centre, the pollution caused by factories and the homes of the poor. However, Burgess placed great importance on the ‘zone of transition '. The zone of transition was an area of great social upheaval, which contained deteriorating tenements, often built in the shadow of ageing factories. This zone was described as the least desirable living area and was the focus for the influx of waves of immigrants, as this was the only place the immigrants could afford to reside. This lead to weak family and communal ties which resulted in ‘social disorganisation and it was this disorganisation that was presented as the primary explanation of criminal behaviour.#

Linda Brown v. the Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas advocated the need for change in America in the mid 20th century. America was a country in turmoil, after many futile efforts to make social change had failed but Linda Brown’s groundbreaking case pushed America in the right direction.

Equality was once a repulsive concept within America, today it seems to be a foregone conclusion. Indeed, we have made so many strides in the way that we view race that it seems a gross misstep every time that it needs to be addressed. Even our President, an African American who overcame tremendous odds to rise to the highest office does not have the answers to our issues with race, rather he calls on us all to “ask some tough questions about how we can permit so many of our children to languish in poverty, or attend dilapidated schools, or grow up without prospects for a job or for a career.” For most, these questions point to sources outside of themselves, but perhaps there a bit of introspection is the answer. Systematic segregation can

After the Brown vs. Board of Education decision in 1954, African American protested their Civil Rights. Theses African American people were treated with many unfair obstacles that controlled their ability to get vital services and goods. Segregation in Kentucky was difficult and many African Americans had to go through harsh treatments and many setbacks to overcome segregation.

In the article “Does Race Matter in Residential Segregation” a look at the continuing pattern of segregation expressed by whites in their avoidance of neighborhoods with minorities is examined. Although this phenomenon can be seen as a racially influenced action alone, it is strongly debated that differences in socioeconomic status between minorities are causing whites to make their decisions to leave. To determine if this is correct, the writers of this article conduct a factorial experiment, where they used phone calls to ask respondents a hypothetical scenario regarding the purchase of a home, while controlling variables that were uncontrollable in other experiments. The experiment offered the respondent a randomly generated combination

You would think problems with racism would be over, and that’s mostly true. Although, that’s how it’s like today their was a time where it wasn't that simple.For example, in Oklahoma a young boy named William and his father were waiting in line for water turned out to be getting disrespected when it wasn't needed. According to the passage, A Tile of Segregation, as they waited 30 minutes for water, finally getting there turn were stopped by white men making them wait until every white men waiting behind them got theirs first.After they were finished they got their water and left.As they were walking out William's father said something he would never forget, “What you saw there was real hatred and prejudice.But this is

The United States has come a long way since the 1960s civil rights movement, yet many large, metropolitan areas within its borders still experience vast amounts of racism and segregation- especially in the area of residential living. The topic of this research draws attention to the issue of racial residential segregation, particularly in the city of St. Louis. Even though there are official laws against discrimination in jobs, housing, school, etc., much of this prejudice is still very prevalent within social norms. The goal of this research is to analyze the posed question: Why and how does a person of African American descent experience racial residential segregation in their quest of finding housing? In this study, the experience and treatment will be measured as being dependent on race within the residential sector.

De jure segregation is segregation enforced by the law. De jure segregation has been banned in the United States since the 1950’s but that doesn’t eliminate segregation as a whole in the country. De facto segregation is, “the segregation of races by fact rather than by legal requirements”. This means that segregation can take place indirectly from lawful decision making. Examples of de jure segregation is through the drawing of district lines, the residential patterns and the parents’ “choice” of where to send their children. The drawing of district lines can be done, in order to assure that schools are segregated by race. This can be done by examining the residential patterns, based on what race and income level live in a

Hyper-segregation consists when segregation permeates a race or ethnic group in a multidimensional fashion (Sampson). This concept exists outside of simply segregation, taking it to a further level, by degrading multiple facets of a populations existence rather than just one area. The term hyper-segregation came about as a way for Douglas Massey and Nancy Denton to conceptualize a ghetto that was especially segregated (Chen, Orum, and Paulson). This concept is one that seemingly opens the pandora’s box of everything that is unjust in the world, giving rise to the awareness that ones automatic privilege in life is often automatically decided for them based on the race they are born into and the wealth (or lack thereof) that exists when they

One example of this is the district context hypothesis that states that individuals in districts

The model is based on three different premises: first individuals have a "semi statistical organ," an intuition maybe, which permits them to know the overarching public opinion, even without access to surveys. The general population have an apprehension of seclusion and realize what practices will improve their probability of being socially separated. Individuals are hesitant to express their minority sees, principally out of trepidation of being separated. The spiral model is a similarity used to outwardly depict the hypothesis. The end of the spiral refers to the measure of individuals that are not publicly communicating their opinions, because of the trepidation of seclusion. If an individual opinion does not follow the favored opinion,