The Snp 's Accession Number

The vital components and techniques of gene cloning are as follows, the DNA sequence that contains the desired gene (EZH2) is amplified by Polymerase chain reaction. PCR was established by Kary Mullis in 1985, popularly known to amplify target sequences of DNA (EZH2) to a billion fold in several hours using thermophilic polymerases (Taq) ,primers and other cofactors (Sambrook and Russell, 2001). Three crucial steps are involved which are Denaturation (at 95°), Annealing of the forward and reverse primers (55-65°) and lastly primer extension (at 72°). After amplification the desired sequence is integrated into the circular vector (pbluescript) forming the recombinant molecule. For the compatibility of the insert and vector, both were digested with (EcoR1) so the same cohesive ends are generated in both, making it easier to ligate. EcoR1 is a restriction enzyme that belongs to the type II endonuclease class which cuts within dsDNA at its recognition site “GAATTC” (Clark 2010; Sambrook and Russell, 2001).

The closest neighboring gene to mine is named growth factor independent 1B transcription repressor (GFI1B), and it codes for Zinc finger protein Gfi-1b.

D1S80 locus is placed on the short arm of the chromosome 1. This locus does not code for the arrangement for protein, yet it codes for a series of tandem repeats of 16 bp in human. Distinctive number of this allele has different number of repeats. These quantities of repeats are exceptional to every human. Primer

Part A: To construct a mapping cross of linked genes, it is important that the genotypes of

Researchers have taken the Y-chromosome of higher primates including humans, and great apes (orangutans, chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas) and ran analysis research. They have discovered that the X and Y chromosomes recombine only at the pseudo autosomal region (PAR), which is located at the tip of one arm of X and Y chromosome respectively (Wimmer et al., 2005). They have also discovered that due to lack of recombination the Y-chromosome goes through, there is a specific point in the gene where mutations accumulate (MSY) in almost all primates (Wimmer et al., 2005).

Molecular Cell Biology, 7th Edition, 2013, Lodish, Berk, Kaiser, Krieger, Bretscher. Ploegh, Amon, and Scott. W.H. Freeman and Company (ISBN-13: 978-1-4292-3413-9)

The LMNA gene was first mapped using in situ hybridization. The gene was detected using clone LA-6, while the hybridization signals were detected using rhodamine-anti-digoxigenin. The samples were analyzed and photographed using a fluorescence microscope. Metaphase figures obtained from the photographs were observed to determine the amount of figures that probed for LMNA. The results showed that 90% of the metaphase figures probed for lamin A/C (Wydner et al. 1996). After analyzing the bands, LMNA was localized to chromosome 1q21.3, giving the chromosomal position of the LMNA gene.

2. You have identified a novel mutant allele for the HiBrn8 gene leading to decreased response to stimuli by the brown bear during hibernation. You have obtained the sequence for wild type and mutant alleles for ABCR. The underlined portion is an intron.

The markers showing linkage are markers B, C, and D since they are more prevalent and highly associated with the mutant allele.

7) Results. What is the role of Gly45 in the Cx26 gene? What is the role of the protein? What does the p.Gly45Glu do to the protein function? How does the second mutation prevent the disease? Explain.

With an abnormal number of repeats the trinucleotide sequence becomes more unstable and disease symptoms grow to be more visible. Myotonic dystrophy II (DM2) is a mutation of cellular nucleic acid binding protein (CNBP), or zinc finger protein 9. The functions of both proteins, CNBP and DMPK are uncertain, however they can be found in multiple organs and tissues in the body, including the brain, cardiac, and skeletal muscles (Ueada, Ohno & Kobayashi, 2000). Myotonic dystrophy is located on chromosome 19q13.3 and is a result of an abnormal repeat of the DNA sequence. According to Mckusick & Hartz (1986) People with DM2 can have from 75 to more than 11,000 CCTG repeats. Both DM1 and DM2 are autosomal dominant inheritable disease, which can be passed along to offspring if the parent is affected, at a 50% probability. Myotonic dystrophy is unique from most provided that “disease-causing alleles may expand in length during gametogenesis, resulting in the transmission of longer trinucleotide repeat alleles that may be associated with earlier onset and more severe disease than that observed in the parent” (Bird et al., 1999).

The objective of the project is to be able to determine which alleles are carried at the TAS2R38 locus and verify if the genotype reflects the expected phenotype.

Adittionally, other group that have been affected in the overproducer strains is the ABC transporters, and specifically genes encoding for the glutamate ABC transporter.

Nevertheless, the results of these genetic studies have been rather disappointing and new investigations are requested in order to significantly increase the chances of finding strong gene/phenotype

Same size of bands observed in clone #1-#3, it suggests that the PCR amplicons were obtained and indeed these were the mutant fragment.1