The Space Station : Aeronautics And Extra Terrestrial

The Space Station survived by a single vote in the U.S. House of Representatives in June 1993, only barely keeping the space program alive, for no good reason. The world stands, divided by space controversy; space exploration brings loss of money, time, and places humans in dangerous predicaments. Space surrounds the Earth, as a territory that should remain unscathed by humanity; with the exploration comes many sacrifices such as, money, time, and even lives. Earth rests in space, engulfed at all times; however, this does not give humans permission to disrupt, and abuse it.

On November 20th, 1998, the first piece of the International Space Station was launched into space. The first piece of the International Space Station, named Zarya, provided the station with propulsion, guidance, battery power, fuel storage, and docking capabilities. The International Space Station has over one hundred parts to it. The International Space Station’s length is that of a football field’s. The International Space Station currently has six crewmembers on board, three Russians, two Americans, and one Japanese. The International Space Station is uniting fifteen different nations and five different space programs. The International Space Station (ISS) is a large spacecraft that orbits the Earth and serves as a research facility

“Only a human can experience what being in space feels like, and only a human can communicate this to others” Thomas Jones, a former astronaut says about manned space missions. Space exploration has risks but it is worth the cost because it creates new technology, generates wealth, and is a source of patriotism.

We have dreamt of spaceflight since ancient times. Humans have developed and thought of many ways to acquire this immense feat and it wasn’t till the 20th century mankind were able to build rockets powerful enough to overcome the force of gravity. Since then, we’ve successfully sent mankind to the moon, rovers to mars and space probes deep into the reaches of our solar system. Nations have striven to advance and attain great heights in the field of space exploration. The constant competitiveness between USA and USSR during the cold war led to many major breakthroughs in the history of space exploration beginning with USSR launching the first international space station and USA successfully landing a human on the moon. The international space station (ISS) stands as the basis of how international collaboration can affect space exploration. Even though some nations are unwilling to work together, space exploration provides a platform for nations to form relationships that benefits one another and create beneficial relationships with each other.

What happens when you go into space? You lose muscle and bone mass. I found that the astronauts set apart two and a half hours each day are devoted to fitness. If astronauts are not exercising they start losing the bone and muscle that they need. Bone and muscle loss mean decreased size and strength, and can reduce the ability to do the work that they have due the weakness. Once they land on Earth walking difficult by the lose of muscle. Muscle can be built back up with exercise, but when you lose bone is not easy to get back. In the Apollo mission there wasn't room for the exercise equipment that the space station has.

Space is one of the most researched and government funded fields internationally. Globally, researchers have been attempting to discover more about the universe far before Sputnik was launched on October 4, 1957. NASA has launched over 100 flights to space, but one of the most recent flights is Expedition 47. This team has gone to microgravity to investigate spaceflight’s effect on the cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, and neurovestibular systems in the human body. The crew members are also trying to discover how to make the workout equipment more practical and create more room for future space crews during long-duration missions. The Expedition 47 began on March 1, 2016 and will end on June 5, 2016. This three month long research expedition

As many already know the Earth is constantly pulling us in a downward direction, this of course includes our organs and bodily fluids like blood. The fact that our bodies do not constantly have trouble suppling blood to the brain is a miracle of biology known as a baroreceptor, a part of an artery that detects and keeps blood pressure constant to the upper half of the body (DeCampli, 1986). In space, the baroreceptors of the body work too well. In the absence of gravity, there is no need for baroreceptors but the body still tries to compensate for “gravity” and thus the upper half of the body has anywhere from 1/2- 2 L of blood which in turn leads to face swelling, loss of circulation in the legs, and an increase in urine to try and get rid of the bodies “excess” liquid (DeCampli, 1986). The problem is not so much during the trip as its aftereffects. Over time, the body actually stops compensating for gravity and when they get back to Earth, astronauts have to basically relearn to compensate (DeCampli, 1986) and deal with a heart that may have been enlarged from all the extra fluid in the torso (David, 1992). If there was a way to stops this from occurring in the first place, it would be of great benefit. Unfortunately, trying to exercise to promote greater circulation have not helped to reduce the blood imbalance (David, 1992). The added liquid to the upper body also affects the eye sight. As the brain has an

How long would a “long term” space flight be? According to our records, the longest that human has been off Earth is almost 438 days, and it is the mission operated by Russian space station Mir. (Beings not Made for Space, Kenneth Chang, 2014) Long-term space flight requests that astronauts have to be exposed to the real space environment, which includes microgravity, the significant increase in radiation, variation in temperature and space view. The major impacts that I will be talking about are microgravity and space radiation. Due to these changes of space environment from that of the Earth, astronauts will face the changes on their body and health, some of the changes would be negative. For example, astronauts will see the significant changes in their body; their whole bodies will expand, the mass of their bones and muscles would lose, and some of them might have farsighted eyes. There will also be increase in risk of Alzheimer’s disease, damage in immune system and destroys of microbiomes. To build a better space environment, scientists have been working hard to find out what is causing the health issues and ways to solve them. They have done well-known researches such as “Twins Study” between Mark and Kelly Scott. The latest technology that involved is called artificial gravity; it is considered desirable for long-term space flight as well as human habitat in space.

Surviving in space and on another planet for a long span of time is a difficult task to accomplish. Humans require quite a bit of upkeep to stay alive, and when confined to small space shuttle it is difficult to provide all the necessities to survive. For the trip to another planet astronauts have to live in the space shuttle for a long duration. Strategies must be developed to maintain a livable habitat in the shuttle, and also when the astronauts reach the planet they will have to survive on the planet for a long period of time. There are many obstacles in the path of achieving habitability in space and on another planet.

The effects of travelling in space on the human body is a subject that is currently being researched increasingly in-depth, with many unanswered questions. There is little data on long term exposure to conditions in space, and a limited range of data based on the restraints of which demographics have been exposed

How long would a “long term” space flight be? According to our records, the longest that human has been off Earth is almost 438 days, and it is the mission operated by Russian space station Mir. (Beings not Made for Space, Kenneth Chang, 2014) Long-term space flight requests that astronauts have to be exposed to the real space environment, which includes microgravity, the significant increase in radiation, variation in temperature and space view. Due to these changes of space environment from that of the Earth, astronauts will face the changes on their body and health, some of the changes would be negative. For example, astronauts will see the significant changes in their body; their whole bodies will expand, the mass of their bones and muscles would lose, and some of them might have farsighted eyes. To build a better space environment, scientists have been working hard to find out what is causing the health issues and ways to solve them. They have done well-known researches such as “Twins Study” between Mark and Kelly Scott. The latest technology that involved is called artificial gravity; it is considered desirable for long-term space flight as well as human habitat in space.

In 1986, the USSR launched its space station Mir in orbit. NASA proposed to construct a permanently manned orbiting space station in response. The US began building the space station Freedom, working with Canada, several European countries, and Japan as partners in the endeavor. Just as work on Freedom began, however, the Soviet Union collapsed. This presented an opportunity for the US to work with Russia in space rather than compete with them. Freedom was reengineered into the new International

The building of the ISS was an example of leadership and legacy because it was built by a coalition of many nations. The International Space Station was not built by just one nation. The building of the International Space Station took a total of 16 nations. "The United States and Russia are just two of sixteen nations co-operating in this major scientific and technological project,"("The Space Station Era Dawns").

In space, astronauts are required to work out for at least two and a half hours a day to maintain their muscles and overall health, along with completing all of their other responsibilities. The responsibility of astronauts, according to NASA, is “to perform world-class science and

The calcium and phosphorous is excreted through human waste, causing kidney stones in many cases [3]. The most affected bones consist of the heel, femoral neck, lumbar spine and pelvis. Astronauts spend between 2-5 hours a day exercising to try to decrease this atrophy, but will still experience varying levels of bone and muscle loss [3]. The use of artificial gravity could mitigate this problem, and is currently being researched and designed. Along with bone loss, Astronauts will also experience growth in height, by about 3% [3]. Without gravity, the human spine isn’t weighed down and has room to expand. This causes severe back and muscle aches, and makes exercising harder and more painful. Once astronauts return to Earth, they will return to their normal height [3].