The Tenile Test: An Analysis Of The Tensile Force

This tension is produced by the bending moment of the load. For this reason the plates were placed with scratches facing downwards so that the procedure could test the effect of flaw size on fracture stress. Otherwise the experiment would have probably shown little difference between scratched and unscratched samples. The scratched samples also showed consistent directions in that they were nearly always perpendicular, this was due to linkage of cracks. Whereas for unscratched glass, the crack will propagate according to the local shape and direction of the defect. The three point bending test is used for brittle materials only for two reasons. The first is because brittle materials cannot be tested with conventional uniaxial tension tests because of early failure at the grips. The second reason is that LEFM can only be applied in bending tests to brittle materials because yielding occurs around the same point as failure, so failure stresses can be used to calculate normal tensions in the beam using σ = Mc/I. That is the stress versus strain diagrams remain nearly linear up until failure. Fracture toughness is the ability of a material to withstand brittle fracture in the presence of a crack or flaw. The equation as mentioned earlier is derived from linear elastic fracture mechanics and stipulates that crack length is inversely proportional to fracture stress. The

A shipment of bolts is received from a vendor. To check whether the shipment is acceptable with regard to shear strength, an engineer reaches into the container and selects 10 bolts, one by one to test.

The specimen ends were not thick or had moving wedge grips to keep it secure in the holders of the servo-hydraulic load frame. The movement of the specimen in the machine causes some of the data to be an inaccuracy. Also, the transverse strain causes issues with the strain gages that are called transverse sensitivity. The transverse sensitivity affects the accuracy of the data that is being collected for the transverse strain more than the longitudinal strain. This is greatly seen in the percent difference in the strain values such as in one case the Longitudinal strain was .4% while the transverse strain was 30%. Another issue with the strain gages was that if the strain gages weren’t properly placed on the specimen the data accuracy would

It is half as stiff as most steels though is half as dense making it 20% lighter than steel. For stiff titanium frames it is required to have a larger diameter, than comparable steels, though not as large as aluminum. The frame is also very corrosive resistant. With the addition of silicon the alloy can obtain significant grain refinement and it can be said that titanium alloys have a perfect balance of properties for frame building.

* Toughness-The ability of a material to absorb energy up till it fractures. The shaded area indicates the energy required to fracture the test specimen.

Use a Mathcad script to determine the procedure used during the manufacture of a wound laminate composite tube and to assess its validity for use in stress and strain analyses.

In Figure 4, Young's modulus is plotted against yield strength. The diagonal line in the figure represents the material index M= σy/E. Materials below the diagonal line are the best candidate materials because they will remain elastic while providing the maximum conformability. All materials that cost more than $2.20 per pound and have a UV rating of "poor" were eliminated. Also, only materials that can be made through the polymer extrusion process were considered. The candidate materials are listed in Table 1 and ranked by the material index. The current material, TPV, is included in the table for

Pull each of the 18 welded specimens in tension using the Shimadzu brand tensile testing machine, with the special grips provided (Appendix A), in the order that the welds were performed

During the first video, “Making Stuff Stronger”, the host, David Pogue, explored the world of strength in material. There are many different types of strength: tensile strength,

Tension is the state of being stretched tight. For example if you have a piece of paper and you try to stretch it won’t this is called tension. If you cut out the bottom of a cup the tension is gone. If you try to replace the bottom of the paper cups with something else for example, sand you can also see that the sand replaces the bottom of the cups. The sand replaces the base to make it even stronger than it was before. The sand’s replacing the tension which causes the cups to stretch back out again and make this experiment a lot more interesting.

\parindent{\ \ \ }Figure~\ref{fig:mdg} shows the average strain at different time instants for various mesh densities. The variation in the results obtained with the finest mesh and the mesh immediately next to the finest one is less than 5\%. Hence, we can reasonably assume that the study reached convergence. The difference in results obtained from the dense mesh (i.e., mesh 6) and coarse mesh (i.e., mesh 3) is less than 8\%.

Experiment Two: Stiffness Report from laboratory work performed on 12 May 2011 as a part of the unit of study CIVL2201 Structural Mechanics

This loading causes the member to bend and deflect from the original position with internal tensile and compressive strain.

Engineering involves a wide array of problems that must be overcome. A great deal of time is spent researching materials and their properties. Materials compromise all aspects of our society, from buildings to roads to even the equipment that was used in this lab. Problems arise in regards to how strong or flexible the material is, with the official terms being stress, strain, and elasticity. Improper use of such materials results in tragedies such as the Tacoma Narrows Bridge in Washington that failed to due resonance and stress beyond its elastic limit [1].

Purpose: The purpose of this Physics Lab is to investigate what factors determine the amount of flexion of the cantilever. Hence, the objective is to establish a relationship between the length of a cantilever, which may give some insight into the physics of cantilevers.