The tensile test, as known as the “tension test”, is one of a most fundamental type of mechanical test that used on a material. Tensile test is really inexpensive which makes this test more preferable.
From tensile test, how the material will react to forces being applied in tension can be determined. As the material is pulled by machine, material’s strength can be found along its elongation.
From the stress-strain curve of the tensile test, the values which can be found are Modulus of Elasticity, Yield Strength, the Tensile Strength, Percentage of Elongation and the Reduction in Area. Also the Toughness, Resilience, Poisson’s ratio can be found by using the tensile test.
In the report, these values will be found by doing the calculations and in the Results and Discussion part of the report, these calculations will be explained and discussed. This experiment is made with two different specimens.(one is made from aluminum and the other is made from steel)
…show more content…
Specimen’s raw material = Aluminum Specimen’s raw material = Steel
Diameter of specimen = 12 mm Diameter of specimen = 15 mm
Gage length = 59 mm Gage length = 84 mm
Final Gage length = 69 mm Final Gage length = 95 mm
After fracture :
Max.load = 39.56276(kN) Max.load = 86.94378 (kN)
Max.stress = 349.8033 (MPa) Max stress = 492 (MPa)
→Theory of Experiment
Formulas That Will Be Used in Lab Report
Engineering Stress σ =
The specimen ends were not thick or had moving wedge grips to keep it secure in the holders of the servo-hydraulic load frame. The movement of the specimen in the machine causes some of the data to be an inaccuracy. Also, the transverse strain causes issues with the strain gages that are called transverse sensitivity. The transverse sensitivity affects the accuracy of the data that is being collected for the transverse strain more than the longitudinal strain. This is greatly seen in the percent difference in the strain values such as in one case the Longitudinal strain was .4% while the transverse strain was 30%. Another issue with the strain gages was that if the strain gages weren’t properly placed on the specimen the data accuracy would
The programmed algorithm is shown in Figure 6.The program was developed using LabVIEW System design software. The entire experimental set-up is shown in Figure 7.
It is half as stiff as most steels though is half as dense making it 20% lighter than steel. For stiff titanium frames it is required to have a larger diameter, than comparable steels, though not as large as aluminum. The frame is also very corrosive resistant. With the addition of silicon the alloy can obtain significant grain refinement and it can be said that titanium alloys have a perfect balance of properties for frame building.
Use a Mathcad script to determine the procedure used during the manufacture of a wound laminate composite tube and to assess its validity for use in stress and strain analyses.
In Figure 4, Young's modulus is plotted against yield strength. The diagonal line in the figure represents the material index M= σy/E. Materials below the diagonal line are the best candidate materials because they will remain elastic while providing the maximum conformability. All materials that cost more than $2.20 per pound and have a UV rating of "poor" were eliminated. Also, only materials that can be made through the polymer extrusion process were considered. The candidate materials are listed in Table 1 and ranked by the material index. The current material, TPV, is included in the table for
Pull each of the 18 welded specimens in tension using the Shimadzu brand tensile testing machine, with the special grips provided (Appendix A), in the order that the welds were performed
Tension is the state of being stretched tight. For example if you have a piece of paper and you try to stretch it won’t this is called tension. If you cut out the bottom of a cup the tension is gone. If you try to replace the bottom of the paper cups with something else for example, sand you can also see that the sand replaces the bottom of the cups. The sand replaces the base to make it even stronger than it was before. The sand’s replacing the tension which causes the cups to stretch back out again and make this experiment a lot more interesting.
Experiment Two: Stiffness Report from laboratory work performed on 12 May 2011 as a part of the unit of study CIVL2201 Structural Mechanics
Principal means is avoiding strenuous activities or training practices, which cause weakening of tendon; pressure exerted on Achilles tendon should not exceed its tensile strength. Athletes should engage in adequate warm-ups prior to physical activities. It ensures that tendon is prepared for weight-bearing through increased temperature in cells surrounding it. Elasticity is also promoted to reduce chances of muscle tears. Athletes should maintain their levels of workouts as they age to increase tendon hypertrophy. Individuals should also be actively involved in activities strengthening ankle plantar flexors; a common one is eccentric exercises. Fluoroquinolone antibiotics and cortisone shots should also be avoided, since they reduce tensile
Purpose: The purpose of this Physics Lab is to investigate what factors determine the amount of flexion of the cantilever. Hence, the objective is to establish a relationship between the length of a cantilever, which may give some insight into the physics of cantilevers.
the strain and stress of the compressive strength [2].
A composite used for tension testing was fabricated by cutting out six same-sized pieces of bi-directional E-glass: two at ± 〖90〗^o and four at ± 〖45〗^o. The pieces were adhered to one another using a wet lay-up with the six pieces of bi-directional E-glass at the following angles in
The trifilar suspension was assembled and the lengths of the chains were measured, recording their average length. In order to repeat the experiment, applying the same amount of force each time, a tangential reference line was drawn on the circular platform and marked with a corresponding point on the table.
On the basis of measurement of viscoelastic and dynamic properties, there are four important parameter such as damping, relaxation, creep, and strain rate, which describes evidence of viscoelastic behavior and can be calculated with the help of an experiment, but this paper describes the method of test for the measurement of damping. In addition, the notation of complex modulus describes conventionally for damping and dynamic stiffness of linear viscoelastic materials, where the methods of vibration test are considered for measurement of complex moduli of composites. With the help of this test of plates and beams to find dynamic elastic moduli also get evaluated.