Throughout chapter one, I’m given a general scope of understanding on how there are multidisciplinary aspects of development that encompass and influence someone’s life, whether it be biological, socioemotional or cognitive. We have many concepts of gauging an individual’s age, including psychological, biological, social and ,most commonly used or expressed, chronological. These concepts together, including social, economic, cultural and chronological similarities and differences, make up our developmental timeline, with everyone’s being unique. Theories of development to make sense of such complexity have been made including Freud’s psychosexual stages, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, ecological theory, ethological theory and one that attempts to incorporate or use them all, the eclectic theory. With many methods of collecting data and time span research we can identify patterns and offer solutions to many problems. However, there will always be the issue with sorting through and eliminating bias research and irrelevant, misguided and misleading information. Human life development is an interesting field to study, with the enormous amount of information to incorporate into theories, problems, hypothesis’s and potential solutions. Where does one begin and with what purpose or pursuit? I have always enjoyed simplified theories such as Erik Erikson’s, that attempt to explain something that we humans have encountered millions of times over, unless you are a young earth believer
Going back forty-five years is not an easy task to complete because I can’t remember some of the finer details of my childhood. I know I was born on a hot August afternoon in Birth Year at Place Of Birth in City ands State. My mother was just twenty-two at the time and was already the mother of two, I was her third child. My father was twenty-one and already a workaholic, I know because my mother would constantly remind me not to be like that. My mother and father were good parents and they tried to give us the best upbringing they could. My father was the kind of person that believed he should provide and protect his family, and he did a very good job of doing that.
Human development is an active process resulting from interactions between an individual and their environment. The processes involved in an individual’s development and overall life outcomes are complex, everchanging, and unique. Given the complexity of human development, the central tenets of my professional conceptual foundation of development include biological factors inherent in the individual, psychological influences, and social interactions. Thus, my professional perspective can best be explained by a synthesis of theoretical foundations based on biological contributors to human development and behavior, Sameroff’s transactional ecological model, Piaget’s theory of cognitive development, Bowlby’s theory of early relationships, and
Erikson’s (1968, 1980, 1982) psychosocial stages of development provide a framework for the different stages of development throughout the human lifespan. These stages of development begin at birth and continue until death, and separate the lifespan into eight stages based on chronological age. Within these eight different aging stages are corresponding psychosocial stages. Each of these psychosocial stages represent a conflict between two characteristics of development for that particular time period in a person’s life.
Human ‘development’ does not exist in stasis – it is constantly in flux. The outcomes of human development are intrinsically linked to overarching power structures, and include psychological dimensions including social recognition. Thus, ‘development’ is dynamic and highly contextualised – it is governed by socio-economic class, domestic politics, geographical location, and the wider institutional context. Working within a particular framework requires acknowledging that concepts of human development are implicated in the power structures which govern policies. Yet, human development is not fixed in numerical measures of development, but rather, the ‘outcomes’ of human capital are heavily influenced by the social context in which ‘development’ occurs. Brazil’s economic growth and shifts in the wake of structural adjustment have coincided with the wider shifts in development rhetoric which emphasize inclusive economic growth and human development. Yet, whether new social safety nets provide will eventually provide an avenue for increased political participation and growing social mobility remains speculative. Distinguishing social welfare from human capital accumulation, I will argue CCTs, as social safety-net policies emphasis on data collection constitutes a thin approach to welfare. Then I will propose that the extension of service provision, CCT programmes could build human capital accumulation. However, due to the overarching political drivers of statist and
According to Erikson’s description of developmental eras in the human life cycle, during adolescence children
The theory is considered revolutionary due to it’s life-span model of human development that included eight psychosocial stages. He purposed that in each stage there is a conflict or crisis that the individual must successfully settle to continue with their development. Erikson also believed that external and internal forces had significant contributions to how successful an individual’s development would be (Sokol, 2009). The theory is broad and assists in the understanding of development across the lifespan. Additionally, it takes in to consideration both social and biological factors.
Life span developmental psychology takes a scientific approach to human growth and change, focusing on change during the life span. There are three main aspects to life span development: cognitive, social, and physical development. This class is not simply a discussion of nature vs. nurture, it explores the interaction between genetic and environmental factors that orient us towards specific behaviors. Initially, my views on life span development were limited to more sociological factors, and did not take into consideration physical developments of the brain. In relation to my personal and professional identity this course has made me realize that development occurs on a spectrum and that not everyone develops at the same time, in the same ways, making me more understanding and compassionate towards those who developed differently than me. The three most important lessons I have learned from this class are that development occurs throughout the entire life span, infants begin learning at a very young age, and that senescence begins as early as young adulthood.
The three theories I have chosen to discuss are all extremely relevant ideas; although I prefer Erik Erikson’s stage of psychosocial development. Erik Erikson’s theory covers a person’s entire lifespan showing the many different stages throughout one’s life. A person is always
Human development is an essential aspect in early childhood education. This essay is going to discuss the theories of three human development theorists, Urie Bronfenbrenner, John Bowlby and Mary Ainsworth’s. Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Systems theory is concerned with family, cultural and social influences and all the other environmental elements. Bowlby’s Attachment theory and Stages of attachment and Ainsworth’s “Strange Situation” research which breaks down attachment into three types are related to the relationship between adults and children. These theories are all associated with socio-cultural theory, which is throughout the New Zealand early childhood curriculum Te whariki (Ministry of Education, 1996).
Anne is a 22-year-old Caucasian female currently enrolled in college. She is enrolled as a full time student majoring in Criminal Justice. She lives in a single room on campus and is three hours away from her family. She is currently in the Later Adolescence stage of development and is dealing with several different life issues.
Erik Erikson was a researcher of the Psychodynamic perspective who lived through the years 1902 to 1994. He developed a theory that dealt with the stages of human development and was referred to as a Neo-Freudian. A Neo-Freudian are those “who have revised Sigmund Freud’s theory” (Massey, 1986). His theory argued that “both society and culture challenge and shape us” (Feldman, 2011). Erik Erikson’s theory of psychological development does not specify specific ages, so the age categories can only be guessed upon. It is my personal thought that this was a smart move due to different age milestones for different cultures. The essay titled Erik Erikson: Ages, stages, and stories argues that the stages “are organized into a system of
The following will analyse the Psychodynamic theory founded by Sigmund Freud. It will focus on the components of the ‘mind’ including the Conscious, the pre-conscious proper and the Unconscious. Examining his structure of Personality with reference to The’ Id’, ‘Ego’ and ‘Super-ego’. It will discuss Freud’s proposal of stages within his ‘psychosexual development’. It will then focus on Carl Rogers Humanistic theory, explaining his concept of the ‘Actualizing tendency’ and incorporating his creations of ‘Self concept’, the ‘Organismic self’ and the ‘Ideal self’. As a contribution to Roger’s work also highlighting Abraham Maslow’s ‘Hierarchy of needs’. Freud and Rogers will then
According to Crawford and Walker(2010), the life course is defined in literature as, “The progression and path an individual takes from conception to death.” (Crawford and walker, 2012, p.3). The study of the life course and human development is extremely complex and could be described as interdisciplinary as it encompasses many fields of study. When examining the life course of individuals it is necessary to consider all of the various factors that affect human behaviour. These may include; psychological, biological, social, behavioural, cognitive or culture factors. Age can also be considered as a factor that influences lifespan development. In the early 19th century, the term “age related change” was regarded as only applicable to the early childhood stage but in recent years, psychologists have come to accept that age related changes occur throughout the entire life span. According to Boyd and Bee (2014), other earlier theories included Charles Darwin’s suggestion that, “the wide variety of life forms that exist on earth evolved gradually as a result of the interplay between environmental factors and genetic process.” (Boyd and Bee, 2014, p.3) Therefore Darwin proposed that it was either solely, “nature” or “nurture” that influenced the human development, but instead, a combination of both. In this assignment, I am going to focus on the specific psychological factors that influence human behaviour during the life course. I will compare two different psychological
“You cannot predict the outcome of human development .All you can do like a farmer create the conditions under which it wellbeing flourish"(Robinson.K.2001)This essay will discussed social , family and environmental influences on human development ,across in whole life-span .And relate three theorist 's respective concepts including Vygotsky ,Bronfenbrenner and Bowlby who has made great contributions in early childhood education ,combined their theory as well give more conclusion .
This paper will present research from a peer-reviewed articles to explain human development in the context of current trends within the selected topic LIFE SPAN and subtopics of infant care, childhood, adolescence, adult and gerontology. Research is important in psychology as it can provide professionals like psychology professionals, guidance counselors, and marketing executives with a baseline of typical and atypical in human behavior . Understanding the aging process is important to a Psychologist, to do this one must research developmental psychology. The research presented in Lifespan theory has led to propositions and arguments, which emphasize, clarify, and articulate important developmental issues. and the topic. briefly describes your topics, (development involves both gain and loss) Thomas, J. E. (2015) states developmental psychology is the roots of work of B.F. Skinner, Jean Piaget, and Erik Erikson, who spread theories of behaviorism, constructivism, and psychosocial development. The most recent developments in learning theory are multiple intelligences, a theory that attempts to explain the ways in which different individuals learn. Developmental psychology is the branch of psychology that studies the intellectual, social and emotional development of humans. The research that follows will provide a literature review that will address the topic of the paper LIFE SPAN.