The Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

Not only was a decision made to create the EMU but the governments of the member states also signed on creating a political union for “an ever closer union among the peoples of Europe”. The discussion within the negotiations on the Maastricht Treaty focused on themes like the role of the European Parliament, establishing a European citizenship, the development of new common policies such as culture and interior affairs and the creation of a common foreign

Since 1950 European Union (EU) was created it has promoted peace, prosperity and values among the member nations and its neighbouring countries. EU’s influential tools, has helped transform many European states into functioning democracies and prosperous countries. EU’s membership has grown from 6 to 28 countries (Enlargement, 2014), satisfying a historic vow to integrate the continent bringing in most states of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) by peaceful ideals.EU has anticipated the enlargement as an extraordinary opportunity to endorse political strength and economic success in Europe. EU’s extension policy is open to any European state that fulfils the EU’s political and financial criteria for membership; still the political process of inclusion of new state requires a unanimous agreement from all the existing 28 member states. Europe is considered to be more flourishing and safer place due to the promotion of democracy, anti-corruption policy and the single market policy.

Collective security is the cooperation of multiple states to ensure their shared security. When joining the European Union, there is an instant alliance between the affiliated states. If one state is attacked, the other states within the union are obliged to help and vice versa. This will advocate trust and unity, by using reciprocity because states may depend on other states. Each country part of the union will pitch in and help out the state in need. If the state was not in the union, the would get little help since they aren’t considered allies with the other

Throughout the Greek sovereign debt crisis, the European Union is an important role who is an organization with responsibility for the connection of member states, aiming at promote economic and social progress and help people earn enough money and get treated fairly. That is to say, the main objective of European Union is the consolidation of democracy and the well-being of its member states through collective decision-making (Europa, 2015). But in process, has been occurred issue. Certainly, there needs to be awareness that, all member states

“The parties of NATO agree that an armed attack against one of more of them in Europe or North America shall be considered an attack against all of them. Consequently, they agree that if such an armed attack occurs, each of them in exercise of the right of individual or collective self-defence will assist the party or parties being attacked, individually and in concert with other parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force, to restore and maintain the security of the North Atlantic area.”

The Amsterdam Treaty, which amends the EC Treaty, was declared to be about consolidation rather than extension of Community powers, about improving processes and enhancing effectiveness rather than expanding competence. The

The European Union (EU) poses one of the most unique challenges to understanding sovereignty and international relations. This is because of the extent of integration between EU institutions and member States. This integration has been to the point where the EU is not only considered an international body whose laws States can choose to adopt, but that it can actually play a significant role in the law making of member States. The extent of this integration has made it questionable whether member States have effectively given up their sovereignty to the EU. To an extent, sovereignty has passed from member States to the

Such an understanding of the position in this regard is evidenced by the fact that the law of the EU in the form of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union 2008 (henceforth, the

“If the Euro fails, then not only the currency fails… Europe will fail, and, with it, the idea of European unity.” Merkel’s words preclude the diminishing consensus within European Union, no matter the attempts to solidify support within Europe. The 2008 Eurozone crisis has lead to distrust and unease in Europe. The Treaty of Lisbon (2009) was the re-organisation of the European Union policy-making structure after the pillar formation of the Treaty of Maastricht (1993). The Treaty of Lisbon, no matter how triumphantly proclaimed to the people, has given increasing control to the European Parliament and other intergovernmental bodies, and less in the hands of the states or the people. This, coupled with dissatisfaction of the EU and an

This paper analyzes the multifaceted and ever evolving relationship between the European Union (EU) and the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO). With the globalization of security concerns and with the series of major terrorist attacks beginning on September 11, 2001, cooperation between these two major powers is becoming increasingly important and hotly debated. In this day and age international security is of the utmost importance. The world leaders in international security are the North Atlantic Trade Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU). This paper explores the relationship between these two institutions in the context of security policies, members, global effect, and the participation and influence of the United States.

In the following essay the following issues will be discussed, the application of the principle of sincere (loyal) cooperation with regard to the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice. Next, the question of whether it is sufficient that the Member State in question adopts implementing legislation and how the CJEU has defined the boundaries of the Member States’ obligation. Finally, the application of the principle of sincere cooperation through the Pupino and Commission v Greece case will be examined.

The European Union is a regional integration, born to aggregate the countries survived from the Second World War and to promote productivity and economic growth. Moreover, to contribute to defeat the social and financial inequalities between the European countries. It is important to make a distinction about the reasons that leaded the European Union to enlarge. David Long (2000) recognises that the EU has expanded numerous times

One of the main objectives of the European Union (EU) is the establishment of the internal market, which shall consist of “area without internal frontiers in which the free movement of goods, persons, services and capital is ensured. The internal market is based upon a customs union achieved through the abolition of the imposition of customs duties and charges having an equivalent effect and the prohibition of discriminatory taxes on intra-EU imports. The internal market is enhanced by the provisions on free movement of workers, freedom of establishment, free movement of services, and free movement of capital. Whereas Articles 28 to 30 of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide for the establishment of an EU common external tariff and the elimination of customs duties, Articles 34 and 35 of the TFEU (with exceptions under Article 36) go further, and prohibit quantitative restrictions and measures having equivalent effect. Taken together, Articles 28 to 32 and 34 to 36 serve to ensure the free movement of goods within the EU and to facilitate the operation of the internal market.

The next chapter looks at the policy instruments that are available to the European Union. These policy instruments are economic, diplomatic and military. In the evaluation of each of these policy instruments Smith looks at certain policy tools are assessed. Some of the policy tools that are evaluated under economic instruments are trade and cooperation agreements with third world countries, development aid to those countries is evaluated, regional associations are also presented coupled with their share in the 2007 European Union

Nowadays, the EU has adopted a foreign policy that has been modified and improved over time thanks to a series of treaties. It has been introduced to maintain EU values, interests, independence, and integrity of the Union. EU foreign and security policy has the aim of strengthening the Union’s security by keeping peace and promoting cooperation, democracy, the rule of law, and respect for human rights. It is connected with four main aspects: trade, foreign direct investment, development, and monetary policy. Other fundamental factors related to it are the increasing process of enlargement and cooperation, and international relations. Those elements have been introduced to built