Algerian War The Algerian War is an ongoing war being fought between the state of France and Algerian independence movements. Background In 1830 the French invaded and captured Algiers, the invasion resulting in considerable bloodshed. Between 1830 and 1872 the indigenous Algerian population declined by a third due to a combination of violence and disease epidemics. French policy was predicated on "civilizing" the country and Algeria's social fabric suffered during the occupation. Since 1848 the French have administered Algeria as an integral part and département of the nation. Being one of France’s longest-held overseas territories, thousands of European immigrants arrived in Algeria and came to be known as the Pied-Noirs. These European settlers benefited from the French government’s confiscation of communal land from indigenous Algerians and the application of modern farming techniques exponentially increased the agricultural output. With the Algerian nationalist movement gaining momentum, in March 1943, Algerian leader Mahmoud Abbas presented the French with the ‘Manifesto of the Algerian People’, demanding an Algerian constitution guaranteeing immediate political participation and legal equality for Muslims. In 1944 the French formulated a reforms based on the Viollette Plan of 1936 which granted French citizenship to certain categories of ‘meritorious’ Algerian Muslims. On May 8, 1945, while France celebrated Victory in Europe Day, Muslim protesters in Sétif organized
People try to help people when sometimes, no help is needed. During the 1800's, the more developed countries wished to expand and help to develop other nations. They did this by the process called imperialism. One of these developed countries was France, who imperialized Algeria. They did this for many reasons such as nationalism and the White Man's Burden. French Imperialism on Algeria was harmful during and after Algerian independence politically, socially and economically. It was harmful during because politically, the French took over Algeria by force and forced them to do their work. Socially harmful because the Algerians morals and way of life depleted. And economically because they were given jobs equal to lower class citizens, and did not help their economy. After independence, Algeria did not keep the changes that France had previously made politically, socially and economically. Making the whole process harmful to Algeria
Another reason for increasing its agricultural sector is to end Algeria’s dependence on imports. In 1962, when Algeria gained its independence from France, the economy was primarily based on agriculture. In the last 40 years, other industries have eclipsed the importance of farming; the main industry being crude oil (Worldmark Encyclopedia). Algeria currently imports almost half of the food it consumes, and it is the world’s fifth largest importer of wheat (Reuters). However, steps have been recently made to reverse this trend. In August of this year, the ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development launched a device to support the promotion of water-saving irrigation systems (ProQuest Newsstand/Algeria Press Service). Algeria’s agricultural production growth rate also exceeded 10% in the 2010-2011 season (Embassy of Algeria). Agriculture and Rural Development Minister Rachid Benaissa also stressed the importance of boosting agriculture. “We should make sure agriculture techniques and skills are applied more widely to achieve profitability and to make the sector’s modernization everyone’s concern” (ProQuest Newsstand/Algeria Press Service). Changes have also been emerging in fishing. Due to its location on
At the end of the 18th century, an undeclared war was going on between the United States and France because of the recent XYZ affair; triggering a positive reaction by Federalists like Fisher Ames to convince the authorities to make the war official. Not knowing what to do, President John Adams appointed former-President George Washington as commander of the army to hopefully resolve the issue with France through diplomacy (as was Washington's stance).
Algerians were once under the rule of the Ottoman empire and a lot of Algerians ended up becoming Muslim. Although the Algerian people were happy to see the end of the Ottoman rule they did not want to be under the new rule of the French government who had helped them get rid of the Ottoman. In an Article called Algeria: What were the effects of assimilation the author describes the life of Muslim Algerian natives after the French came a drove out the Ottoman Empire and the struggles Algeria faced to become independent. “By the late 19th century, colonial policies had turned Muslims into second class citizens compared to European settlers. Laws defined Algerians as subjects rather than citizens unless they agreed…”. The French that governed
Algeria did eventually gain independence from France; on 1962 the signing of “Les Accords D’Evian” marked the end of France’s rule. Uprising of Algerian Muslims against European Algerians paved the path to independence. A while of violence, attacks, and terrorist groups led to peace talks between Algerian and French delegators. The aim was for the nation’s independence and a ceasefire; which was achieved when France declared a ceasefire would take effect on March 19, 1962 (Çelikgil, Beril, and Martine Boussaud, 2014).
Colonies have tried to gain their independence from imperialistic countries for hundreds of years. In the case of the Thirteen Colonies and Great Britain, colonists were revolting in the streets and even armed fights with the military broke out. In The Battle of Algiers, Algerians are portrayed as untamable, radical killers from the French standpoint. From the audiences’ perspective, film maker Gillo Pontecorvo wanted to show compassion for the Algerians. He wanted to show that their actions were justified. Nevertheless, Pontecorvo also wanted to show the French point of view, which he did by showing the manner in which high-ranking French handled battle plans and the way they spoke to the FLN.
In 1830 Napoleon concord Algeria and turned it into a department of France. Algeria also became apart of the French Government and Republic. Then the civil war begun. It all started when a proclamation was made to restorate the Algerian democracy that sent attacks all over. This all quickly turned into war with civilians caught in the middle. The French wanted to stop this fighting and tried to improve the well-being for Algerians population but FLN wanted independence.
You may wonder why the religious holocaust against African slaves is so crucial to the modern world. Part of studying history and its flaws are learning from past and evolving for a brighter future. France’s actions towards its Muslim population shows regression instead of progression. If they would have some historical knowledge of similar events and how they played out, I’d bet they would handle the issue differently. In class, we saw how even with the white’s aggressive actions to eliminate
Another impact that had happened because of imperialism is that the men became defiant due to the French violating their tradition. “The french had done all of this because they had no care for anything but power and gaining as much land as they had lost in past wars”(Synad 211). French impacted Algeria in several ways one of those ways being that in order to be an Algerian citizen with french rights, algerians had to give up their muslim identity. This was not only the most disrespectful thing the french could have done but it had finally pushed the Algerians passed the edge. Another horrific thing they attempted to do was to change the education so they would have been learning french
Last week August 1955 123 civilians in Philippeville were executed by the FLN. The FLN was only supposed to only go after military targets. Until a commander decided to make order that would do otherwise. This was the very start of Algeria winning its independence. The government claimed it killed 1,273 guerrillas in retaliation; according to the FLN. Almost 12,000 Muslims perished by a blood gang of armed forces and police. In the end over 1200 to 12000 civilians were killed in retaliation to the Philippeville massacre that killed 123 people. The Philippeville massacre was a big turning point for the Algerian war. In late june the FLN announced total war on French civilians regardless of their sex or age. Leader of the FLN Zighout said “To
They include political instability and economic constraints. There was no peace in Algeria. At any time death could occur. Many people face such challenges every day, and it is always very hard for them to face them since it is not clear to them what might happen next. Islamist wanted power, and they wanted to get it by force. They were forcing people to convert to their faith or die. That means people lived without freedom. As a result, many people decide to leave. They, however, also faced discrimination in the new country. Citizens in the countries they migrate to view them as competitors and invaders who are after their scarce resources. The only immunity is the immigration
In Battle, similarly, Algerian natives were driven to a war and in the process, made great sacrifices. While in Cranes, Russia’s sense nationalism influenced protection of Russia, in Battle, the sense of nationalism drove Algerians to seek independence from the French, who they were a colony of at the time. Seeking independence from the French required the FLN, an Algerian national independence group, was an act of great sacrifice because they were relinquishing any security they had prior with the french by expressing their desire to become a recognized nation. Furthermore, since the French began to eradicate members of the group who were fighting for independence, displaying signs of nationalism in support of an independent Algeria was potentially deadly for all involved. Algerians were willing to sacrifice their security and possibly their lives in order to free themselves from the oppression caused by French colonizers, which displayed a forceful undertone of nationalism.Another example of sacrifice made for the sake of nationalism in Battle was when the Algerian population seeking independence cooperated with French rulings in order to reduce suspicions.
In 1847 it was designated as a military colony, and its head became Governor-General, who had executive and military power virtually in his hands. Algeria's population almost never adopt their allegiance to the French Government and the entire existence of the colonial establishment and considered French to be occupiers and relationship with them was very complicated and not very friendly.[5]
Second largest country in Africa, tenth largest country in the world, diverse culture extending from the Mediterranean coast to the dunes of the Sahara Desert...Algeria. Even with its massive size the current status of Algeria’s economy is quivering in the lofty winds of the Tell Atlas Mountains. The economy tends to remain dominated by the state, which is accordingly a legacy of the country’s socialist post-independence development model. Hydrocarbons are the backbone for Algeria, accounting for 60% of budget revenues, 30% GDP, and 95% of export earnings. Reviewing the last five years we see the government halting privatization of state-owned industries, and increasing the restrictions of imports and foreign involvement. Algeria’s
Algeria was not always been independent and has been a part of several border and authority changes. Since its independency, Algeria has struggled to define its cultural identity. Several strategies have been employed to gain ground on its identity, such as promoting a policy of Arabization, loosening up the economy, and opening their political sphere. “Today the Algerian government seeks not only to sustain the recent ebb in violence and insecurity but also to promote greater unity within the country” (Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center, 2011).