The Value Of Face : Search And Contracting Problems Of Nigerian Trade

Thea, nice work on the paper!  You answered almost every question competently and thoroughly.  The only question you might have done better on is Q10 for more detail on the rules that apply.. Thank you!

International trade is important and beneficial to business. However, international trade guides a safeguard of interests, specific business contract, defined law, forum of dispute settlement, and understanding of contract clauses. “A working knowledge of international law helps business owners and managers with global interests reduce risk and increase profits” (Melvin, 2011, P. 631). This enlightenment will address the international legal and ethical issues involved in international business transactions and compare such to domestic business operations.

Imagine throwing several different groups of people, all of whom have nothing in common and all of whom have different beliefs and follow different morals and ideals, and forming one nation out of them. Now, imagine trying to govern this nation as one cohesive unit. This is exactly what Great Britain tried to do in the formation of Nigeria over a period of time spanning from the days of the slave trade until October 1, 1960, when Nigeria eventually became a self-governing nation.

4. Reviewer question: Does the paper contain any ambiguously-worded or confusing sentences? Please list them below and offer a suggested revision for each one you identify.

What is the paper’s thesis, and is it well supported? Do you accept it as plausible, whether you agree with it or not? Where is more evidence needed?

Though I like the idea of believing that I am qualified in the field of science and understanding all that I read and hear, I can confidently state that the conclusions and research done by Dr. Parmentier and his collaborating team, and multiple papers, I am incline to state I agree with their case studies and consider their theory valid. Dr. Parmentier and his team have vigorously done extensive research and ran multiple test before the publishing of their paper. The research clearly displayed how the models were utilized and what equations were input before data was received. After reading this paper I would be more than thrilled to have my name and credentials attached to a theory that covers extensive research, accurate data, and many possibilities.

My perspective of this source is that, it is very reliable as the author has provided many other successful theories and is very credible. The author being quoted is, well you know, a very credible person: Stephen Hawking.

Some leading scholars argued that the existence of national laws and policies has significantly determined the extent to which a country's success or failure to benefit from trade and investment agreements. Hernando De Soto (2000) claimed that formalities and inefficiencies in the legal systems of developing countries have made them fail to enjoy the benefits of capitalism. Trubek (2006) then identified how legal cultures of developing countries were highly ‘formalist’, leading to weak enforcement, inappropriate rules, and low legitimacy. Abeysinghe (2014) then showed how national laws are more influential than international laws in trade in services by stating that trade in services’ agreements mainly deal with ‘behind the border’

This article shows that international trade can have practical limitations. The textbook explains that one of these limitations is the fact that while two countries can both benefit by trading with each other, excessive trade can harm people and businesses. Also, by raising tariffs and discouraging trade, African countries are both impeding economic growth and lowering the standard of living.

Nigeria’s construction industry found its feet in the first quarter of 2017 snapping out of six straight quarters of negative growth. The sector recorded a 0.15% increase in GDP and contributed 4.17% to total real GDP. Its performance, however, didn’t stop the economy from contracting for a fifth consecutive quarter.

From above the diagram, we can see that there are many African countries still have inadequate facilities for their business. The infrastructure in Nigeria is considering disabling and until now there is no any change in that area. There are only 6000 megawatts can be produces by the state-run National Electric Power Authority. ( Nigeria’s economy at the crossroads 1999 ) It make the electricity in Nigeria is not stable and very limited especially in rural areas as It make the business cannot product their product successfully as there are no electricity then production process had to stop. High cost of electricity cause the business cannot run many generators at the same times in order to produce more goods. It makes the entrepreneur need to increase the price of goods to cover the high production cost. There are several problems that happen to the wireless deployment in Nigeria. Unstable electricity

Then, their business profit needs to be share to government and they only get 67.8 percent of profit. For example, if a business earns 10000 Nigerian naire then 3220 Nigerian naire need to give government for the tax. They only get 6780 nigerian naire and it will limit the expand of business as yearly profit frequently be the main resource of capital to grow the firm. So the high tax rate will make the entrepreneur have less money to increase the capital in business. (Mitchell, and Fellow 1993,6 )

Between 2003 and 2009, poverty fell from 22% to 7% in Brazil. In the same timeframe, income among the poor in Brazil increased seven times as fast as that of the rich. These results came, in large part, because of Brazil’s cash transfer program, Bolsa Familia which presented the country’s poorest households with cash transfers conditional upon meeting health and education standards for their children. Thanks to results like these, the world paid attention to CT programs and began to copy them, including in Africa. The results have been mixed but more hopeful than not. CT programs offer a qualified hope for African development provided that the programs have an adequate scope, proper accountability measures and institutional strength as seen through the case studies of Malawi and Nigeria.

As discussed earlier, research on the internationalisation of Nigerian firm’s is still under-explored and scant in the literature. In fact, few studies have research internationalisation phenomenon have studied it on the perspective of the banking sector (Amungo in Adeleye, White, & Boso, 2016, pp. 69-91), “examining the factors influencing the international expansion of Nigerian banks” finds that Nigerian banks internationalisation is influenced by home country regulations and the domestic competitive pressure, managerial intentionality and risk diversification. Similarly, Boojihawon and Acholonu (2013) on the study of “the internationalisation of African banks” shows that the consolidation and recapitalization program in the banking sector 2004 motives Nigerian banks embark on foreign expansion. This is an indication that SSA firms deserves a focus in the international business research, because of the region diversity in terms of resources, political systems, cultural diversity and economic structures (Initiative for Global Development and Dalberg Global Development, 2011).

INTRODUCTION: It gives me great pleasure to be invited to present a paper at this one day sensitization seminar with Theme Optimizing opportunities in the Airfreight industry, organized by the Nigerian Shippers Council for importers/exporters, operators regulators and other stakeholders in the Airfreight sector as part of its continuous effort to educate and sensitize shippers on useful procedures in international trade and movement of goods. The aviation industry is a vital sector in any