The direct deposition of Ti64 onto a 410 grade stainless steel base plate resulted in a very fine

Society relies heavily on metals in nearly every aspect of life; however the corrosion of such metals has become a costly and very prevalent issue worldwide. Large amounts of energy, time and money has been poured into

One of titanium’s most important uses is in aerospace technology used by the United States Air Force. Titanium is very beneficial because it is corrosion resistant, has a high strength to density ratio, resists fatigue and racking, and is temperature resistant. Because of these properties titanium has many applications for the Air Force. In aircraft titanium is crucial to engine parts because it can handle high temperatures and stress. It is used in modern aircraft, such as the F-22 raptor, and was one of the key components in the record holding SR-71 Blackbird. Because of its low weight and heat resistance titanium is also used in spacecraft and ballistic, air-to-air and air-to-ground missiles. Since titanium has roughly the same weight as aluminum and the strength or iron it has many armor applications. The most noticeable for the US Air Force is in the “bathtub” like shell that protects the pilot of the A-10. Titanium is invaluable to the US Air Force; titanium and its alloys have numerous applications in modern aerospace technology, have been used in some of the most influential and important Air Force missions, and have the potential for future applications that could once again result in a drastic shift in aerospace

Since the initial discovery, this element has been described in terms such as mysterious, extravagant, fascinating, noble, unusual, vital and critical. But I truly believe that humans are far from realizing its true potential and the current industrial and commercial applications are far from what they could be, should we be able to fully understand and harness all of titanium’s properties.

The result of this work leads to a non-destructive, simplified way of anisotrophy recognition, without more expensive, destructing, testing by cutting out a large number of testing samples.Cold forming is a cold metal working process by which metal is shaped at room temperature. More specifically, the metal material is squeezed into a die, or pushed through the die hole and the finished part assumes the shape of the die. Cold formed products offer many significant advantages over hot formed products and even more so over cast or machined metal products. Advantages of cold formed products are: significant material saving, no heating is required, superior dimensional accuracy, high production rate, exceptional forming die life, minimized contamination, and the first of all - better mechanical

This can be confirmed by comparing data from the experiment to accepted data for non-treated AISI 1018 steel. During the experiment, two metal specimens were tested on the hardness testing machine, using the HRB scale. From these values the hardness and tensile strength of the specimens can be calculated and compared. After this, the two specimens were put through a polishing process. This process leaves the specimens with a mirror like finish. A 2% Nital solution, a combination of nitric acid and methanol, is then put on the polished faces. The specimens are then ready to be viewed under the microscope where the grain structures can be observed. The treatment these metals have experienced should affect certain properties of their microstructure. It is expected that the fully annealed specimen will be softer than the untreated specimen because larger grains are produced in the annealing process, unlike that of the cold-worked specimen. This specimen will be harder and have a higher strength than the untreated specimen because the cold-working makes the grains smaller and more compact. There may be some error associated with the results obtained in this experiment due to imperfections in material handling and flaws in the specimens, but it is expected that this experiment accurately illustrates how the treatment process affects the properties of metals.

One of the most common superconductors used in low temperature experiments for this purpose is niobium titanium alloy (NbTi). At very low temperatures, NbTi can transfer an order of magnitude less heat than non-superconducting cables [2]. However, titanium and titanium alloys form oxides when exposed to air, and these oxides make soldering to NbTi cables nearly impossible. While solderless methods of connectorizing cables exist, the machines required are expensive and purpose-built for one size of cable [3].

There are many different forms of steel alloys used today. They are tailored during their processing phases to meet the wide array of engineering applications. Steel alloy in its simplest form is a basic mixture of Iron and Carbon and by varying the carbon content, the rate of cooling and the addition of impurities like Chromium for high corrosion resistance, we are able to derive alloys of different mechanical properties such as stainless steel and tool steels as these 3 factors affect the microstructure of the steel. This can be understood by the simple phase diagram of Iron and Carbon in Figure 1.1.

The structure of the prepared material was investigated employing many techniques such as X-rays diffraction, SEM and TEM electron microscopy. In order to scrutinize the crystal structure of the samples X-rays diffraction was carried out using diffractometer XPERT-MPDUG, Philips PW3040. Figure (1) depicts the X-ray diffraction of the as synthesized samples. It can be seen that the nature of the sample is formed in poly crystalline form. The most important peaks are displayed. The most intense peaks were indexed to be 201, 011, 111, 400, 311, 102, 020, and 112. The indexed peaks correspond to single pure orthorhombic phase according to ICDD card 83-1758 (75-2115). The reflection planes, regarding the ICDD card, are

Thermal-barrier coatings (TBCs) are protective coatings applied to the surfaces of metallic parts in the hottest part of gas-turbine engines (Fig. 1.1). They enable the engines to operate at higher temperatures without raising the base metal temperature using cooling systems inside the hot sections components and thus, enhance the operating efficiency of the engines (2). Some ceramic materials, such as alumina, zirconia, etc., are usually chosen as coating materials because they are thermally refractory and chemically inactive and especially well-suited for being used as high temperature protection barriers (3). Hence, TBCs with low thermal conductivity, phase stability, and high resistance to sintering have ever increasing demands (4). Generally, TBCs consists of three major layers): (i) a ceramic top coat deposited on the bond coat, (ii) a metallic bond coat deposited on the super alloy, and (iii) a thermally grown oxide (TGO) that forms between the bond coat and top coat as the coating is exposed to elevated temperatures. (Fig. 1.2) illustrates this multilayer structure in a typical TBC system.

Table 1. TFT characteristics of the In2O3-OA NCs and In2O3-BET NCs thin films annealed at different temperatures.

The DTMI damage reducing mechanisms were discovered through some quantitative investigations. For example, the maximum impact force on a thick polymer system featuring a DTMI was reduced by 60%, and energy absorption was increased by 130%. We plan to conduct systematic basic research to understand the effects of the bonding strength and interface thickness on crack arrest, to explore novel layered material designs for achieving low costs.

Fig. 1a shows the XRD patterns of the samples MCG-600, MCG-700, and “MCG-800”. All the samples showed sharp diffraction peaks located at 34.9, 40.5, 58.7, 70.1, and 73.7°, as shown in Fig. 1a and assigned to the cubic phase of MnO (JCPDS No. 07-0230). No peaks from other phases were detected. The crystallinity of MCG increased with increasing sintering temperature. In addition to the relatively weak diffraction peak at 26°, which was assigned to carbon and rGO in the nanocomposites, a strong diffraction peak from GO cannot be detected at 11.2°, indicating that most oxygen functional groups had been removed from GO.

Materials like wasploy, Cr-Mo-Vo alloys, A-286 alloys were used earlier but they have low yield and fatigue strength at higher temperature. Inorder to compensate these demands Ni based super alloys Udimet-720 and Inconel-718 are used. These alloys offer efficient compromise between performance and economics.

The mechanical properties of the welded joint are determined by the microstructural behavior of weldmetal [2]. It is well established that alloying elements such as Ti, Ni, B, Mo, Cr etc play an important role for microstructural development [3]. Therefore, it is very essential to manipulate the composition of welding consumables for the optimum joint properties. Previous researchers have used various procedures to manipulate weld metal composition. Two major approaches for improving the WM properties are to use of different types of flux and another one is to alter WM composition by the introduce of newer filler material or by metal powder addition in WM [4]. Generally, weldmetal microstructure of conventional low- alloy steel consists of varying amounts of acicular ferrite, polygonal ferrite, widmanstatten ferrite and M-A microphases. It has been reported that the acicular ferrite provide the optimum microstructure to the welds because of its fine grain size, as well as dislocation density and reducing crack propagation[2]. One of the useful methods for promoting the acicular ferrite formation in SAW is the enrichment of various oxides into the flux such as titanium oxide, zirconium oxide, boron oxide. These oxides in the flux may contribute to different metallic element dissolution and oxygen into the weld [5]. Evans et al. [6] studied the effect of

Recent advances in science and technology have stimulated the development of new coating materials, surface and interface engineering processes, and thin film systems, that provide ever-improving performance in numerous areas, ranging from optics and optoelectronics to aerospace, automotive, biomedical, microelectronics, and other applications.