Thyroidectomy Research Paper

U.R. Parik et al 2012 elaborate the topic “Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) study of thyroid lesion”. They told the advantage of FNAC and describe its definition that FNAC is safe and less expensive OPD procedure with a high diagnostic yield, accuracy, sensitivity and specificity.

Surgery is done to remove as much of the cancer as possible. The bigger the lump, the more of the thyroid gland must be removed. Frequently, the entire gland is taken out. After the surgery, most patients should receive radioactive iodine, which is usually taken by mouth. This substance kills any remaining thyroid tissue. It also helps make medical images clearer, so doctors can see if there is any additional cancer. If surgery is not an option, external radiation therapy can be useful. After surgery or radioactive iodine, the patient will need to take medication hormone that the thyroid would normally

Rats were anesthetized with 50 mg/kg ketamine-HCl (Ketalar, Pfizer, Kırklareli, Turkey) and xylazine 5 mg/kg (Rompun, Bayer, Istanbul, Turkey) intraperitoneally. The depth of anesthesia was checked in 4-5 minutes frequencies for repeated corneal reflex. Skin and subcutaneous were passed by the neck necklace incision entering the middle of the submandibular gland, sternohyoid muscle. Sternohyoid and the neck strip muscles were entered. Two thyroid lobes combined with an istmus overlying the tracheal ring were reached. Removing the bilateral thyroid lobes over the trachea, total thyroidectomy was performed with a scalpel. During the process, the bilateral superior thyroid arteries were obliterated

The preoperative preparation for thyroidectomies for the BMNG patients included the following investigations: neck ultrasound, determination of free T3, free T4, thyroid stimulating hormone and serum calcium concentration, and fine-needle aspiration cytology. Operative Total thyroidectomy is defined as the surgeon’s attempt to perform an extracapsular removal of the entire thyroid gland including pyramidal lobe while preserving the parathyroid glands RLNs, and external branches of the SLNs. The terminal branches of the superior thyroid artery were identified and dissected meticulously as close to the thyroid capsule as possible to avoid damaging the SLN (Fig. 1). The external branch of the SLN travels inferiorly along the lateral surface of the inferior constrictor until it terminates at the cricothyroid muscle (Fig. 2).The delicate technique was performed by seeking, identifying and exposing the RLN itself with all branches, and following its course with care until it entered larynx.

The thyroid gland, or more simply thyroid, is one of the largest endocrine glands in our body. The thyroid gland is found in the neck, below the thyroid cartilage. This gland is a vital important hormonal gland which is responsible for metabolism, growth and helping the human body. It helps to regulate many body functions by constantly releasing hormones into the bloodstream. There are two types of dysfunctions in the thyroid: hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism. According to Dr. James Parker, hypothyroidism results from a deficiency of pituitary thyroid-stimulating hormone. The main hormone produced by the thyroid gland is called Thyroxine. Thyroxine acts

therapy (ECT) is a procedure, done under general anesthesia, in which small electric currents are

Louise has been diagnosed with Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder that affects the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located in the lower neck, just below the larynx and directly in front of the trachea (Patton & Thibodeau, 2014). Its function is the secretion of three important hormones. Two of these hormones, triiodothyronine and thyroxine, increase cellular metabolism (Chiasera, 2013; Patton & Thibodeau, 2016). These two hormones are secreted according to positive and negative feedback systems, thus regulating the body’s basal metabolic rate. A properly functioning thyroid gland is, therefore, crucially important for maintaining metabolic homeostasis (Holt, 2010).

The thyroid gland is the largest gland located in the neck. It is positioned in the anterior or front of the neck below the skin and muscle layers. The thyroid gland has the shape of a butterfly with the two wings being characterized by the left and right thyroid lobes which wrap around the trachea. The only role of the thyroid is to make thyroid hormone. This hormone has an effect on almost all tissues of the body where it augments cellular activity. The role of the thyroid, thus, is to regulate the body's metabolism (Norman, 2012).

You can also opt to have your thyroid surgically removed because the medication can’t be tolerated by your body or because you do not want to take the radioactive iodine.

After removal of the thyroid gland, patients can undergo radiographic scintigraphy in the nuclear medicine department to obtain functional and anatomical information. Imaging the patient after the administration of I-123 or I-131 can identify precise locations of radioactivity in the entire body, which can identify distant metastases or any remaining thyroid tissue. The size and location of radioactivity can influence whether doctors chooses surgical excision, radioactive iodine therapy (RAI), or external radiation therapy for those areas. Planar imaging has a sensitivity of 41%, specificity of 68%, and an accuracy of 61% compared to SPECT imaging having rates of 45%, 89%, and 78%. With the combining of SPECT/CT,

The thyroid gland is located in the neck. This gland produces the hormones that help control the metabolism. With age, said gland can become protruding (nodular). The metabolism decreases with time, beginning around 20 years of age. Because thyroid hormones are produced and broken down (metabolized) at the same rate, tests of thyroid function are usually still normal. In some people thyroid hormone levels may rise, leading to an increased risk of dying from cardiovascular disease.

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer that affects children and adults. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland that is located on the front of the neck below the Adam’s apple. Its function is

To conclude, Age, gender, and exposure to radiation can affect the risk of thyroid cancer. There are a lot of measures taken to ensure a patient’s safety. Making sure that they are aware of practices taken place is a huge part because when test are performed accurately it takes weight of their shoulders considering their shock of being diagnosed with cancer. Noting information into the patients EMR is essential incase they decide or have to go to another physician that may specialize in this specific cancer. Life becomes very difficult for those who are diagnosed with thyroid cancer. The struggles of having to wake up early morning to take these thyroid pills at the same time everyday becomes a hassle. If you wake up late and forget to take

During an exam, a person’s doctor may try to detect a slight tremor in your fingers when they're extended, overactive reflexes, eye changes and warm, moist skin. Your doctor will also examine your thyroid gland as you swallow to see if it's enlarged, bumpy or tender and check your pulse to see if it's rapid. (Mayo Clinic, 2015). “A diagnosis can be confirmed with blood tests that measure the levels of thyroxine and TSH in your blood. High levels of thyroxine and low or nonexistent amounts of TSH indicate an overactive thyroid. The amount of TSH is important because it's the hormone that signals your thyroid gland to produce more thyroxine. These tests are particularly necessary for older adults, who may not have classic symptoms of hyperthyroidism.” (Mayo Clinic, 2015, pg. 2) “Your doctor may also want to obtain a picture of your thyroid (a thyroid scan). The scan will find out if your entire thyroid gland is overactive or whether you have a toxic nodular goiter or thyroiditis (thyroid inflammation). A test that measures the ability of the gland to collect iodine (a thyroid uptake) may be done at the same time.” (ATA, 2018, pg. 1) Hyperthyroidism can be treated by antithyroid drugs, radioactive iodine, surgery, or beta

“The thyroid gland is located proximal to the throat, in front of the neck, under the thyroid cartilage”. The thyroid cartilage is also referred to as the “Adam’s Apple” (“Thyroid Cancer” 1). This “gland produces several important hormones”. These thyroid hormones control body temperature, weight, and energy level. Included in these hormones is “Calcitonin, which helps the body use calcium” (“Thyroid Cancer” 1).