Tongue Muscles

Each individual nerve is made up of: afferent nerves and efferent nerves where afferent nerves transmit impulses towards the nervous system from different parts of the body and efferent nerves transmit impulses away from the nervous system to the different parts of the body. The autonomic nervous system is another type of PNS responsible for involuntary actions like movement of heart, lungs, etc.

the system and they are the involuntary muscles, and the voluntary muscles. The muscle in

These muscles are NOT under the control of will. These muscles are controlled by the Autonomic Nervous System. Intercostal muscles are an example of this. There are 11 pairs of intercostal muscles, spaced between the 12 pairs of ribs.

Studies have been carried out in order to find certainty to whether tongue rolling is simply a genetic character that individuals can inherit. In 1940 Sturtevant carried out a family study, in which he concluded that tongue rolling was only partially genetic with rolling being dominant over non-rolling. Komai carried out a similar study, with more samples, and found similar results. Individuals with tongue rolling parents were much more likely to be tongue rollers (90 per cent) than individuals with non-rolling parents (34 per cent). However, if this was only a simple one-gene, two-allele genetic character, with rolling completely dominant to non-rolling, then two non-rolling parents could not have a rolling child. Therefore, the two studies suggested that there must be more complicated genetics behind it, involving multiple alleles or genes and some environmental influence.

Now, pick one of those muscles and trace their control from the appropriate brain structure all the way to the NMJ. Be sure to include all intermediate structures, synapses, plexuses and nerves.

What type of neurons (sensory or motor) are in the ANS? What are the names for the two neurons in the ANS system?

Descriptive terms are used to name skeletal muscles. Some names give the location in the body. The temporalis muscle is attached to the temporal bone in the skull. The brachialis muscle is attached to the humerus bone, but brachial refers to the main artery in the arm. Some muscles are named for their origins and insertions, like the genioglossus muscle, for example, originates at the chin (geneion) and inserts in the tongue (glossus). Some muscles are named for the arrangement of the fascicle groups. For example the rectus abdominus is the straight muscle that is in the adbominus.

What are the sensory components of this structure? What are the motor components of this structure?

In the organization of the Human Nervous System it is divided into sections such as the sensory system, which gathers and process information from the surrounding environment: motor systems which responds from environment by sending signals and information to facilitate movement behavioral responses and the associational system which is a meditator from most multifaceted and least problematic brain functions. Within these different functions of the nervous system it is divided into two components where these functions can happen the central nervous system that comprises of brain and spinal cord and peripheral nervous system that embodies nerves and ganglia.

1. Oral cavity, pharynx, (must also include accessory organs such as salivary glands, tongue, and teeth)

Adder's Tongue: Stops gossip and slander, promotes healing. Sacred to serpent goddesses. Used in divination, healing magick, lunar magick, and dream magick. Also Known As: Dogtooth Violet

Corresponding upper motor neuron innervation for the aforementioned motor component are also involved. The second and third parts encompass the mechanoreceptor system, which responds to stretch and irritants to regulate the rate and volume of respiration, and the chemoreceptor system.

It is the organ of taste. The tongue has different taste buds, these are also called the gustatory receptors. The tongue also has an extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. The intrinsic muscles are located in the connective tissues inside the tongue. The intrinsic muscles change the shape and size of the tongue, this motion is done to assist with speech and swallowing. The extrinsic muscle is outside the tongue, the muscle allows the tongue to move from side to side, in and out also to move food that is being chewed in the mouth and transforms it in to bolus. The bolus is then moved with the tongue to the back of the soft palate to the pharynx in order to fit in to the oesophagus. For all of the above to happen salivation plays a huge role in assisting all the tongue muscles to move appropriately as it acts similar to a lubricant. (Tortora et al., 2002).

The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is connected directly to the central nervous system, and consists of neurons and nerves that send information back and forth the CNS. Furthermore, the peripheral nervous system can be divided into two sections, the sensory nervous system and the motor nervous system. The Sensory The sensory nervous system is in charge of transmitting data from a variety of internal organs or from external stimuli to the central nervous system using sensory nervous cells. On the other hand, the cells of the motor nervous system (motor neurons), take the impulse from the CNS to effectors, which include glands and muscles. In addition, the motor nervous system can be further divided into the somatic nervous system, controls voluntary actions of the skeletal muscle and external sensory organs, whilst the autonomic nervous system operates

The two components of the central nervous system (CNS) are the brain and the spinal cord. Communication between the brain and the spinal cord happens through motor neurons, which are nerve cells that enable motor movement. Each motor neuron is made up of a cell body, which holds all the cell components, dendrites which send information it receives to the cell body, and an axon which sends nerve impulses to the muscle (Porth & Matfin, 2009). As electrical impulses are sent through the motor neuron, it stimulates the muscle fibers in the body to move. This is the process in which motor function happens. Therefore, the basic abilities to breathe, speak, swallow, walk and button a shirt are