Tourette Syndrome Research Papers

People with autism often have difficulties with motor co-ordination and, if they are significantly affected in this way, may also be given a formal diagnosis of dyspraxia.

Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder first described by a French physician named Georges Gilles de la Tourette, in 1885. Tourette syndrome (TS) consists of varies abrupt, rapid, involuntary, and repeated movements or vocal sounds, known as tics. “Until 1970, TS was frequently misdiagnosed as schizophrenia, obsessive-compulsive disorder, epilepsy, or nervous habits,” concluding that this mental disorder is extremely rare and has similar characteristics as other mental disorders (Kahn and Fawcett 375). Since there is no specific test that can diagnose TS, doctors have to rely on a person’s behaviors and personal history to identify the disorder. About one person in two thousand people is likely to have TS; additionally males are four

Tourette Syndrome, or TS, affects approximately one hundred thousand Americans of whom you will find in a variety of professions and social settings (7). It is a neurological disease which is characterized by repeated and involuntary body movements and vocal sounds. Before TS was known to be a health problem uncontrollable by the patient, it was seen as nervousness, possession by a spirit, epilepsy or simply as bad habits (5). Today it is known that imbalances in certain brain chemicals are what causes the symptoms of this disease. It is interesting to examine TS and use it as a tool for better understanding (in part) how, in what quantity, and at what level the brain (and the nervous system as a whole) contribute to

Dr. say there are many types of Tourette's, in motor Tourette's there are uncontrollable movements like eye blinking, shoulder shrugging, head jerking, and many other body movements. Vocal tics would be one like humming, whistling, throat clearing, or sniffing. This sort of disability lasts up to 6 to 7 years. A lot of the first symptoms start in the facial area and later on move to tics in the arms or legs, and males are 3 to 4 times likely to have Tourette's than

The main symptoms of Tourette syndrome are tics, involuntary muscle movements (Bjorklund 12). Although unpredictable, tics are more likely to happen when people are sick or anxious (20). The two types of tics, physical and vocal, can range from mild to severe (12). Mild vocal tics include: spitting, sneezing, throat clearing, coughing, sniffing, and grunting. There are mild physical tics also such as sticking out the tongue (21), shoulder shrugging, eye blinking, and head twitching (20). Tourette syndrome is most often inherited genetically. Tourette’s is a result of a genetic mutation in the brain’s basal ganglia or from a gene mutation in the cerebral cortex of the brain. Scientists also believe this disease can be a result of environmental factors (12). People can get Tourette syndrome from a brain injury or bacterial infections (38).

Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder categorized by repetitive involuntary vocalizations and movements (tics). The symptoms of TS typically manifest themselves in early childhood, worsen significantly in the early teens, and then improve into the late teens and adulthood. The CDC estimates as many as 1 in 162 children may suffer from TS, with a significant portion carrying their tics into adulthood (around 10-15%). It is estimated around 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of

TCS is defined as an inherited condition in which some bones and tissues in the face aren’t developed fully. This affects not only the face but the head as well by causing downward-slanting eyes, small jaw and chin form as well as altering the development of facial tissues and bones. Some symptoms may also include hearing and vision loss. In some cases, babies that are born with this syndrome also have something called a cleft palate which means they are born with a hole in the roof of the mouth. Children born with this well also have difficult problems with breathing, chewing, speech, and swallowing.

Tourette’s syndrome is a neurodevelopmental condition that is identified by frequent and long lasting patterns of involuntary motor and vocal tics. (Capriotti, Conelea, Houghton, Woods, 2014) These motor and vocal tics can range from simple tics like, blinking and grunting, to severe tics such as word repeating and repetitive touching of objects. The onset age of Tourette’s syndrome is during childhood, typically when it carries on into adolescence the severity increases. (Capriotti et al., 2014)The underline cause of Tourette’s syndrome has yet to be determined though speculations have been made that structural and functional abnormalities in the brain contribute to the onset of this disorder as well as hereditable factors. (Capriotti et al.,2014)

With the continuation of research, it was found that the cause, though still unknown, was neurogenic. It is believed to originate in the basal ganglia, a well-known motor nucleus in the brain (Mehta et al., 2001). The basal ganglia consist of several clusters of nerve cells deep inside the brain. They help coordinate movements of the muscles throughout the body (NIDCD, 2014). It has also been found that there is a genetic component to some forms of dysphonia. Through research a possible gene, chromosome 9, has been identified to contribute to spasmodic dysphonia. Emerging research has lead scientists to believe that the problem occurs in the feedback loop between the organ, the voice box, and the brain. There is an over-control with spasms or tight muscle contractions. There is also evidence that this voice disorder may co occur with other movement disorders such as oromandibular dystonia (involuntary movements of the neck muscles), tardive dyskinesia (involuntary and repetitious movement of muscles of the face, arms, legs and body), torticollis (involuntary movement of the neck muscles), or tremor (rhythmic, quivering muscle movements). Spasmodic dysphonia is also said to affect anyone between the ages of 30 to 50 years of age (Levy, 2010). This disorder is more prevalent in women than in

“Imagine having poison ivy all over you body, for twenty years and constantly being told not to scratch. You can resist for a while, but eventually you give in” (Marlene Targ Brill 18). Tourette syndrome can be compared to poison ivy in some aspects. Individuals with Tourette syndrome have been suffering with tics and tantrums for hundreds of years, but today there are treatments that can help control the symptoms of Tourettes, allowing sufferers to live a normal life.

What is Tourette’s syndrome to be exact it is viewed as a neurological disease in which a person experiences uncontrollable tics, or movements these can be both motor and verbal tics. It was first recognized as an illness around the year of 1885 by Dr. George Gilles, the first patient was said to be over 80 years old. Tourette’s is most likely to be diagnosed in men than women the odds are 3 times more likely in a man’s favor. It is estimated that 200,000 Americans have the most severe form of TS. (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke 2014).

I chose this disease because I really don’t know very much about it and would like to learn more. Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome (GTS) is defined as echolalia (imitating others), multiple tics (motor and vocal), as well as coprolalia (spontaneous swearing). Neuropsychological disorders associated with GTS are depression, obsessive compulsive behaviors, obsessive compulsive disorder, and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Onset of GTS is usually aged 5 to 18. In GTS, CT’s and MRI’s show reduced volume in the basal ganglia with smaller volumes in the caudate nucleus. There is also a correlation between adults and children with smaller volumes in the lenticular nucleus who have obsessive compulsive

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a disorder of the brain that is observed in people who have involuntary movements or vocalizations called tics. Named after Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette who first discovered this disorder, this French neurologist described a noblewoman who exhibited these symptoms in 1885. These tics could range from repetitive movements to inappropriate vocalizations.

Tourette Syndrome (TS), first described by Gilles de la Tourette, can be the most debilitating of the tic disorders and is characterized by multiform, frequently changing motor and vocal or phonic tics. There are multiple diagnostic criteria, as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV.

Throughout the movie, Brad got into plenty of trouble because of the tourette syndrome. For example, on his way to a interview for a teaching job, Brad got caught by the cops for speeding. While the cop