Translation Shift from English to Bahasa Indonesia in Westlife Song Lyrics
Hairul
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A. PREFACE
Translation shift is common occurrence that we can find in translation. This thing happens because whole languages in the world have different grammatical structure. According to Peter Newmark “'shift' (Catford's term) or 'transposition' (Vinay and Darbelnet) is a translation procedure involving a change in the grammar from SL to TL”. (Newmark, 1988:85). A translator has to has skill to translate from Source Text (ST) and Target Text (TT). If they did mistake in translation, it will be a wrong assumption for the reader. The message from the ST can not be understand by the readers or other people. Because between ST and
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* Plural becomes singular
Some of plural noun in English add morpheme –s or –es at the end of word although there are others additional for some words. Look at this sentence at below.
Places you never knew it could be (Flying without wings)
Tempat yang tak pernah kau duga The word “places” in English is a plural noun that added with morpheme –s at the end of word “places”. Plural is Bahasa Indonesia can be sighted with repeating the noun. At the sentence above word “places” is translated in Bahasa Indonesia as “tempat” that is singular noun. Translation shift like this type is right in certain situation. But, if the translator translated plural noun to singular noun is wrong in this situation. They have different meaning and sense from St to TT. The word “places” means many places meanwhile “tempat” means just one place. From the analysis the writer assumes that the translator makes mistake in translation. The translator does the wrong translation because between plural noun becomes singular noun have different meaning from ST to TT. The word “places” in English is translated as “tempat” can not be accepted by TT.
* Adjective becomes verb
Adjectives are words that modify a noun; they either name an inherent attribute of a thing. (Verspoor, 2000: 92). Adjective in English usually is located before noun to modify it. In translation world, adjective in ST becomes verb in TT is a normal phenomenon.
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Tran conveys this theme through the use of images as means of communication. Upon the foreigners entry to his city, he struggles to make sense of the unfamiliar surroundings. Everything is alien to him; the clock tower, street signs, to flora and fauna of the area. Lost and confused, he is offered help by a stranger on the street. While they do not speak the same language, the foreigners use of a literacy tool, in this instance drawings to have a successful discourse with the man. Although no words were exchanged, the foreigners depiction of a “bed”, a familiar symbol to the both of them, allowed the stranger to comprehend the foreigners needs (Tan, 44).This tool is reoccuring throughout the novel, as it becomes one of the foreigners means of communication due to his lacking dialogical skills and acts as the vehicle for transcultural interactions between him and the other
This theme of mistranslation can be found everywhere in the current world. In the article Language Matters: How a Minor Mistranslation Can Affect US-China Relations the author goes on to talk about how the U.S. mistranslated a small portion of the Chinese spokesman’s comments. He goes on to explain how these stories affected the United States of America. He says: “These stories led Sebastian Gorka, a top official on the U.S. National Security Council, to deride China’s statement by pointing out that the islands can be seen on Google Earth. Gorka then went on to decry China’s “territorial expansionism.”” Gorka’s broadcast was heard by the nation and some peoples ideas might have been swayed that the Chinese are bad. This relates to the The Joy Luck Club in one way particular, the idea that the smallest miscommunication problems can lead to a huge
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“Ideas require language and sometimes an idea or concept is hard to translate because the
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Writers tend to use adverbs as helper, to add more words to whatever they are emphasizing. “don’t let fear hold you back from writing.” And “to form possessives, add ’s when the word you’re modifying ends with an s.” These last two rules are the ones that were familiar in my eyes, I just never really thought about them till I read it off of
Introduction. The acquisition of the plural is dependent on multiple phonological factors that can influence the production and comprehension of the plural marker. In Spanish, the rules of plural marking are simple and considering only non-verb words, the effect of stress preceding the plural marker could determine how the plural is acquired. If the word ends in an unstressed vowel, then simply /-s/ is added onto the word; if the word ends in a stressed vowel (except é) or a consonant, then /-es/ is added; and if the word ends in an unstressed vowel followed by s, then the plural form is the same. Considering these rules, there are other elements that have to agree with the plural tense, one of them being determiners. The articles that
From the start of “A Small Place,” the author establishes an unsettling position for the reader by using second person perspective to give the audience a personal experience, “The thing you have always suspected about yourself the minute you become a tourist is true: A tourist is an ugly human being” (Kincaid, 14). The act of being the tourist in respect to Kincaid's statement is being unaware of the surroundings and people who reside in this country you refer to as a paradise. She pushes the audience out of their comfort zone to an unsettling acknowledgment of ignorance - if you have traveled and expressed these behaviors. The author presents the idea that the act of traveling with the mindset that indigenous people are benefiting is a form of self-justification rather than reality. Kincaid acknowledges the audience’s ignorance of the situation as an institutional one that educated you to have this mindset. She describes this situation the people of Antigua endured, as something you were not taught, which exonerates your oblivious demeanor toward your surroundings,
Likewise, translation cannot be considered to interact with the reader, seeking to communicate the meaning of the original text as the content is not essential in our appreciation of the text. His question assumes the original and the translation as distinct categories, both of which, for him, are works of art. Apart from carrying messages and prolonging the value of texts, what is unique to translation is its potential to “express the central reciprocal relationship between languages”(72), its kinship to another language and its potential to bring out the pure language where the “mutually exclusive elements among languages can mingle and supplement one another” (74) and where ‘complementary intentions’ between two languages can be communicated. Therefore, the translator should not be restrained by the burden of relaying what the original means. Benjamin claims that “languages are not strangers to one another, but are, a priori and apart from all historical relationships, interrelated in what they want to express” (72).
The second half of the last century have seen a great advance in translation field ( translation studies discipline ). Which make many translation scholars emphasis on the importantce of knowing the translation theory for the translators since the translation studies become a discipline.Mona Baker stats”