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Let me start by stating we see numerous cases of Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) in our inpatient unit. These patients come to us primarily from the personal care home (PCH) where they live. They have become aggressive, and staff (as well as other residents with varying mental disorders) can no longer cope with the aggression. We have some patients who have TBI from a young age, and they have lived in these personal care homes their entire adult lives. Some are lucky enough to have family who advocates for them; others are not so fortunate. We have two male TBI patients on the unit right now. One was in a motorcycle accident at the age of 17 (he is now 38) and received another TBI a few months ago of unknown origin. The other patient has comorbid disorders (he has shaken baby syndrome, and he is now 32), such as schizophrenia (both are my patients). This patient has severe TBI.
My 38-year-old is new to us, he has never been on our unit before. It has been extremely difficult to obtain collateral information because the PCH he came from tells us he has been with them for only a few months. They do not know his history other than the circumstances of the TBI and age. There are so many obstacles for our team to overcome because my psychiatrist does
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When we hear the term TBI, we tend to think in the abstract since we do not see the brain as an appendage. We have trouble understanding or even confuse mental and behavioral disorders, as being the consequence. When people say “he’s not the same as he used to be, he’s changed,” they don’t realize this is who he is now. When discussing with the family TBI, it is important to share with them that result in disabilities depend on the location of the injury, general health of the patient, age, and severity of the injury (Grant and Adams,
Traumatic brain injury occurs when a person is hit in the head with a blunt force. This significant force to the head can happen playing recreational sports, on the playground, being in a car or motorcycle accident, falling down at home and your head impacting something, a blast or explosion. Traumatic brain injuries are also the leading cause of fatality rate and disability, especially in children, young adults and elderly. TBI is a devastating condition that affects millions of people nationwide, because it can affect the nervous system permanently, it also messes with the neurological, musculoskeletal, cognitive and much more. TBI force a family to deal with not just the physical disability, with the behavioral and emotional roller
The purpose of this case study is to examine the specific case study of a 40 year old male who suffered a traumatic brain injury as the result of a fall from a roof. For future reference the term "Traumatic Brain Injury" will be abbreviated here as TBI and "Intracranial Pressure" as ICP. In this study we will explore the medical findings that are common in such an injury and how they relate to the Paramedic in the field. The specificity of this case will be broken down to define relevant terminology and findings that were present to the paramedics that responded to this call. Lastly, TBI's will be explored and discussed for their relevance in the field, contributing factors and comorbidities as they relate to paramedicine.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a type of injury that is a critical public health and socio-economic problem. TBI is a leading cause of death and disability in both children and adults [5]. The Centers for Disease Control and
Unfortunately, TBI and inmates is not a well-established area of study. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2007), mild TBI is found within 25% to 87% of inmates. One such that looked at prevalence was done by Diamond, Harzke, Magaletta, Cummins, and Frankowski (2007) where the researchers looked at Minnesota male state prisoners and assessed them using the Traumatic Brain Injury Questionnaire. What the authors found
Concussions can seriously alter one’s life. Concussions are the result of moderate to severe impact to the head with another object. These impacts shake the brain, which is suspended in cerebral fluid, and cause it to scrape against the skull. Concussions can have mild to severe symptoms including insomnia, an inability to concentrate and headaches. Symptoms manifest both physically and mentally and may appear days after the initial trauma, with the possibility of lasting for months. Concussions are extremely prominent in contact sports such as football and hockey at all ages of play, professional to amateur. Multiple concussions may be accompanied by CTE, a neurodegenerative disease associated with
The above mentioned research study did not control for the age of traumatic brain injury patients in such a way that patients could be compared on this basis. Research on brain damage (due to traumatic brain injury, substance abuse, and other means of neurological harm) and the effects of age on the likelihood of extensive recovery has been conducted over the past several decades in the fields of both medicine and psychology, and conflicting evidence exists. Some studies suggest that young brains are more vulnerable to irreversible brain damage due to the underdevelopment of neurons and brain structures, while other studies indicate that the brains of older individuals are less “plastic” than in younger individuals, making them less resilient to damage. To study the outcomes of pediatric traumatic brain injury as opposed to traumatic brain injury in adulthood, Catroppa et al. conducted research on children that had suffered a TBI between the ages of one and seven years. Participants were recruited
Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in the military are a tangible threat to the men and women of the United States military. Operations in Iraq and Afghanistan have created a spotlight on this injury, as the “signature injury”. Specific criteria makeup the definition of a TBI, which is certain symptoms and severity levels of those symptoms. Due to the capacity of this injury, the Department of Defense (DoD) and Congress have created mandates, along with treatment methods, and the ability to achieve an end goal of aiding an individual’s complete recovery.
For a long time, traumatic brain injury has been a large contributor to disabilities and death within the United States. Around 30 percent of these injuries lead to death, and those who survive these injuries may suffer from short-term side effects to long-term disabilities. It can range from a minor head injury to a major injury that you might suffer from a motorcycle accident.
The Brain Injury Alliance of Washington (BIAWA) is a non-profit organization that offers FREE Support and Case Management Services to caregivers & individuals (both pediatric and adult) living with Brain Injury. In addition, BIAWA remains on the frontlines of public awareness, extending arms to both community and professionals in hopes to strengthen the spectrum of support available to the individuals and families we serve. Through dedication and commitment BIAWA has boots on the ground, covering over 90% of TBI incidence in Washington State.
We have been learning about the concussion. Or MTBI (Mild Traumatic Brain Injury) it is critical to find a way to protect our students and kids everywhere from MTBI. A Pediatrics Study in the Newsela article, said they studied 349 students and 240 of them after the fact continued to have physical and cognitive symptoms of brain injury.
The disabilities that result from moderate to severe TBI differ depending on the area of injury, but they may include difficulties in speech, coordination, bilateral function, memory, complex thinking, and other areas (Murrey, 2006). Emotional and social areas are also affected by TBI due to changes in familial roles, lowered self-esteem, and hopelessness brought on by the injury (Murrey, 2006). Because of this, suicide rates in these patients are remarkably high, with 33% of patients at risk (León-Carriòn et al., 2005). Recovery in TBI patients may occur spontaneously throughout the two years following the trauma (León-Carrión et al., 2005). Beyond this point, remaining disabilities are usually permanent (León-Carrión et al., 2005).
parindent{ }Traumatic brain injury is a significant health problem in the United States that is estimated to occur in 1.6-1.8 million persons annually (citealt{faul2010}). Diffuse axonal injury is a common type of traumatic brain injury primarily characterized by damage to the axons (citealt{smith2000, Gennarelli1982}). An enhanced knowledge of the pathophysiology of diffuse axonal injury is required to develop improved diagnostic tools, protective measures and rehabilitation treatments(citealt{Giordano2014}). Many techniques have been developed to help elucidate the injury mechanism associated with diffuse axonal injury over the years. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is one such technique where the mesoscale structural information is studied to investigate the diffuse axonal injury. Finite element models have also provided a means to investigate diffuse axonal injury.
Traumatic Brain Injury is otherwise known as TBI. “Traumatic brain injury, a form of acquired brain injury, occurs when sudden trauma causes damage to the brain. TBI can result when the head suddenly and violently hits an object, or when an object pierces the skull and enters brain tissue” (NINDS, 2010). There are two main types of TBI, closed head injuries such as head hitting a windshield and penetrating head injuries such as a gunshot wound. As reported by the Global Neuroscience Initiative Foundation,” The severity of traumatic brain injuries is often assessed using the Glasgow Coma Scale, with scores ranging from 3 to 15. The higher the score,
parindent{ }Traumatic brain injury is a significant health problem in the United States that is estimated to occur in 1.6-1.8 million persons annually (citealt{faul2010}). Diffuse axonal injury is %the most frequently occurring
In theory, such injuries can add further prove to the defensive claim that a defendant should not be held fully accountable or liable for their actions at the time in which the crime in question took place. As Ederseim et. al. (2012) mentions, “while the balance of scientific opinion in this area urges extreme caution when attempting to apply these nascent imaging findings to legal settings, many lawyers and scientific experts have already framed these findings in legal terms in order to argue for diminished criminal responsibility” (p. 167). Regrettably, the majority of court cases where brain injury or damage is presented as evidence of diminished capacity are often not well-received, despite mounting evidence that TBIs contribute to the risk factors for crime, as well as impaired social and cognitive