Tudor Economy 1541

The abolition of chantries in 1547 under Edward allowed the money gained to help those who most needed, particularly children however what about other finical policies/plans? Throughout this period there were disastrous economic problems. Many of them were caused by debasement. This was where a small percentage of the value was removed from each coin as it was made and then used to make new coins. This helped in the short term, but led to inflation and worse problems later. This was a huge problem for peasants, who normally spent around 80% of their income on food. The population also increased from about 2.3 million in 1500 to 3 million in Edward's reign, as well as continuous military expenditure which amounted to around 3.5 million between 1544 and 1550.All these led to huge inflation and unemployment, moreover there were lower wages and

TO WHAT EXTENT WAS THERE A "MID TUDOR CRISIS" DURING THE REIGNS OF EDWARD VI AND MARY I? "The mid-Tudor crisis" is a term often used by historians to describe the reigns of Edward VI (1547-1553) and Mary I (1553-1558). This period can be seen as a crisis, due to the fact that there were so many problems financially, socially, religiously and constitutionally, which led to rebellions, and placed the country in a very unstable position.

The depopulation was accompanied by a reduction of output. In Leicester in England, there was severe shortage of servants and laborers, and “many crops rotted unharvested in the fields” (5). In the village of Elkington in Northamptonshire, the number of taxpayers seems to have decreased due to depopulation during the period between 1377 and 1412(6); and “by the first decade of the fifteenth century, grain production levels between the Tyne and Tees appear to have been less than one-third their level of a century earlier.”(7)

The fruitless campaigns of 1544 and 1550 demanded an estimated 3.5 million pounds, the reciprocal yield from domestic taxation of the same period amounting to a fraction of that cost at 976,000. (Matusiak, 2005) Disastrously Henry VIII addressed this deficiency by administrating a series of debasements continued by his successors until by 1551the silver content in coins had decreased to 25% of what it had been in 1542. This "economic maelstrom" (Matusiak, 2005, p.33) was further exacerbated by the collapse of the wool trade; exports plummeting by 35% in 1552, paralleled in the forthcoming years by the depredation of the agricultural industry as a repercussion of the 1554-1556 harvest failures (caused by the inundating of heavy rain), agricultural laborers’ wages dropped around 60% and the cost of necessary commodities (food, drink, housing) cost the lower classes 80% (Jones, 1973, p. 78) of their reduced incomes as demonstrated by the 1551 imploration of Bishop Hooper (addressing Secretary

“In the years 1547-1558, English government was at its most effective during the rule of Mary I” How valid is this statement? (45 marks)

Regardless it already had a history of Peasant workforces. England was overpopulated. Before the plague, labor was cheap and easy to find because of all the people, the peasants were lower class. The lower class was the majority of who dies because of the way that they lived. With all of the peasants dying the workforce dropped significantly.

During her reign England had internal peice and gained a surplus in supplies after being in a great debt. Scientific progress was great and navigation skills helped Sir Francis Drake circumnavigate the globe. In addition, England's theaters grew very popular. The theater brought all the social classes together to enjoy the entertainment from the traveling companies. However there was a downside to this when plague broke out. Compared to today the Elizabethan era is different in many ways. People were not as educated, the medical field was not well developed, and punishments were extremely harsh. Overall, it is obvious that the Elizabethan era was a great time for England. The country flourished despite the struggles. There are many reasons

In the context of the years 1485 to 1603 to what extent was the government of England dysfunctional in the mid-Tudor period?

The Industrial Revolution had many long-lasting effects on the English economy and society in the 1800s; the effects being both positive and negative. England’s industrialization resulted in urbanization, improved production, and better transportation, but also in poor living and working conditions for the working class, including many children. Industrialization in England made production of goods much more convenient, creating a greater demand for unskilled labor and a rapidly growing population. The population increase meant that more food was needed in order to feed everyone. In Document 5, Michael Mandelbaum explains that some rural labor was made “redundant,” causing many people to move to urban cities where they could find work in the new factories.

As time progressed society in England changed but the biggest change was caused by the industrial revolution. Society did change for the better but had many bad side effect along with it. A good thing that came from the industrial revolution was the upgrade of tools. With the Industrial revolution came many great inventions that people today rely heavily on. Inventions such as cars, planes, and tools. These changes also helped with the progression of house building, making it easier for people to design and build sturdy homes that can withstand nature. This helped us get to where we are today with all the technological advancements. But this all came at a cost. Along with the factories producing this we had people working there. These people were treated very badly with their work environment and pay. There was no minimum wage back then making it hard for people to continue living. And if u didnt die from starvation or overworking you would die from how dangerous the factories are. All day breathing in smoke and having the risk of getting stuck in a machine. And even if u did survive getting injured you would surely die of infection because they can pay for health care on how low their salary. These changes impacted in world we know today in both positive and

How this inexperienced monarch was to stabilise the English economy and finances was a mixture of competent financial

To gain perspective on the level of economic change in England, it is important to note and understand the population trends, as it had a directly impacted all aspects of change in regards to the economic effects of the Black Plague. In simple terms, the number of people had a direct impact on the most basic categories of the economy: production and consumption. An expanding population is only possible if it has the economic resources to support it. It seems the Black Death’s impact on population levels actually created a silver lining based on the “Malthusian Theory” where English scholar Thomas Malthus claims, “[t]hat the superior power of population is repressed, and the actual population kept equal to the means of subsistence, by misery and vice.” As England was experiencing overpopulation, there was not enough agricultural production to support the masses, but as the force of the Black Death swept in and decimated the population, it left England with abundance of land and less people to support, resulting in a balance between agricultural productivity and consumption. Although the Black Plague created shock, panic and fear for a few years, this alteration in population left survivors with an optimistic outlook

The high production lowered the cost of the food and raised the standard of life. On the other hand, small farmer and peasant class was unemployed as they lost their land to rich landholders. There was increase in the labour force. It seems that socially and economically England possessed everything needed to fuel the industrial revolution.

This writer focuses on two parts of the question ‘The Tudor Reformation was a method of strengthening absolute monarchy in England.’. The first focus is the word ‘method’ and the second focus is the word ‘strengthening’. The word ‘method’ means a planned way of doing something. In this case, the question can be interpreted as ‘The Tudor Reformation was a planned and intentional affair to achieve strenghtened absolute monarchy. Also, this writer is going to put emphasis on the comparison meaning of the word ’strengthen’. Then this essay has to show how the Tudor Reformation made aboslute monarchy stronger than before and what changes did the Tudor Reformation bring out in comparison with the past. According to these focuses, the question can be understood as ‘The Tudor Reformation was a calculated event and it was to accomplish more powerful abosolute monarchy than before in England.’ However, this writer disagrees with the sentence and thinks that the Tudor Reformation was not an affair that had an intention to reinforce abosolute monarchy. Therefore, in the main body, the essay is going to concentrate on whether it was an intentional or unintentional matter that is related to strengthen absolute royal authority. Moreover, figuring out whether the absolute monarchy was consolidated than before. Finally, this essay will examine how the politics was at that time. At the end, in the conclusion part, it puts this issue aside

Before the first Industrial Revolution, England's economy was based upon its cottage industry. The workers would purchase raw materials from merchants, take them back to their cottages, and at home is where