The Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, wanted to broadcast television to have equal opportunity with cable television. So, they required cable television systems to give a certain amount of channels to the local broadcast television. In Turner Broadcasting System, Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission, broadcasting for the speakers or broadcasters are challenge because they have problems with sharing the same frequency and the physical limitation on the number of speakers, where as in cable, there is no problems with speakers sharing the same channel. Since there have been “rapid advances in fiber optics and digital compression technology” (pg.523). In order for the government to fix the more broadcaster than frequencies available in the electromagnetic spectrum problem. The government would have to “divide the electromagnetic spectrum and assign specific frequencies to particular broadcasters” to prevent any signal collision (pg.523). The government forcing the must-carry law to cable television system questions whether they violate the cable television First Amendment right. But the 5-4 decision, the justices believe that they are creating a competitive market for other broadcast televisions. …show more content…
Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission, give broadcasters the chance to share public issues on broadcast stations, the fairness doctrine help broadcasters with licenses. When there are frequency monopolies, it could be an issue for other broadcaster that have other views. The government reinforce the licenses to allow people the opportunity to broadcast on a frequency. Throughout the court decision in Red Lion Broadcasting Co. Inc. v. Federal Communications Commission, Justice Bryon White wrote that the First Amendment does not give a person a right to a licenses or monopolizes a radio frequency. So, it means that a person cannot own the radio frequency to prevent another person from using the
In the case of Robert Tolan and Marian Tolan vs. Jeffrey Wayne Cotton, I will be discussing what interest me about this case. I will also deliberating on the liability and criminal liability of this case. The Tolan vs. Cotton case interests me because the United States have so many police that are brutalizing citizens. In some cases the police officers are getting away with it. After reading, reviewing, and studying this case I have learn a lot about the criminal system and laws that men and women should obey. I will explain how the nine judges on the Supreme courts all came to a verdict against the police officer Jeffrey Cotton after he shot an innocent suspect. This people
The recent Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications (CRTC) (2013c) 'Broadcasting Regulatory Policy on the Distribution of Canadian Category C national news speciality services' marks a new regulatory approach to distributing competitive news and sports programming in Canada. This policy is a response to Canadians' concerns over consumer choice due to program bundling and an inability to select news and sports programs on a stand-alone basis (CRTC, 2013c; CRTC, 2014). Based on the Commission's public notice on 'Regulatory Framework for Broadcasting Distribution Undertakings and Discretionary Programming Services', the new regulation demonstrates an effort to reduce national news and sports program regulations and to
New York Times Co. v. Sullivan, lawful case in which, on March 9, 1964, the U.S. Supreme Court governed consistently (9–0) that, for a slander suit to be effective, the complainant must demonstrate that the guilty proclamation was made with " 'genuine perniciousness', with learning that it was false or with neglectful failure of whether it was the truth or not." Specifically, the case included a notice that showed up in The New York Times in March 1960 that sketched out how African Americans had been persecuted and that requested that perusers contribute cash to the battle to end racial isolation in the South.
Crown Awards is a retailer of awards and trophies sold through mail order catalogs and via the Internet. Crown designed and sold a diamond-shaped spinning trophy for which it owned two copyright registrations. Discount Trophy is one of Crown’s competitors, and it sold a trophy that was substantially similar to Crown’s Spin Trophy. Crown requested that Discount discontinue the sale of the alleged copy, and when Discount refused, Crown filed suit in the Southern District of New York.
This new law will change the rules for competition and regulation in the communications industry.
Broadcasting has a strict regulated radio spectrum, where as cable has no limit on how many channels can be delivered to a home, nor the amount of cable
The variances between criminal law and antitrust are criminal law constitutes an offense that is committed by a citizen, and the level of punishment will vary based on the crime. Antitrust on the other hand is a law that controls the actions of a business entity to ensure that the consumers are receiving fair treatment. Both of these statutes have the ability to be tried either at the state or federal level. These laws have an enormous impact on health care in the 21st century as it demonstrates that the government not tolerate misconduct and these laws are in effect to protect the interest of the public. U.S. health care administrators have a duty to oversee the staff and the operation of the facility and is accountable for taking appropriate actions to report any wrongdoing. Administrators are at the forefront of the organization and must monitor the staff and the
By nature of its requirements, this doctrine was less concerned with the interests of the radio broadcasters themselves but with the interests of the listening public. Due to limited access to radio waves the FCC was mainly concerned with public interest in getting fair and balanced information so that they may be an informed republic and make educated decisions, especially with regard to politics. The airwaves were a part of the public domain and under regulation of the government and the FCC did not want the airwaves to become monopolized. Private entities do not necessarily work for the public interest without incentive. Thus, by law the FCC only renewed broadcast licenses to those radio stations that complied with the Fairness Doctrine.
A Supreme Court case usually have a main argument that decides the ruling. The ruling for Barnes v. Glen Theatre Inc. (1991) was five to four (Daniels, Stern). There was mix reactions regarding this case. In Barnes v. Glen Theatre Inc. (1991), the main argument to the ruling written by Justice William H. Rehnquist is that nude dancing is considered an action that is expressive but not within the protection of the First Amendment even though technically it is ("Excerpts From Supreme Court Ruling”). Even though that is the main opinion announcement of this case, there are counter opinions that are worth mentioning. One in particular is by Justice Byron R. White where he concluded that the law passed by Indiana was unconstitutional because it
Facts: Katz was caught transmitting gambling information over the phone to clients in other states because the federal agents put an eavesdropping device to the outside of a public phone booth. Based on eavesdropping, Katz was then convicted under an eight-count indictment for the illegal transmission of information from Los Angeles to Boston and Miami. On appeal, Katz challenged his conviction arguing that the recordings violated his fourth amendment right to which the Court of Appeals rejected this point, noting the absence of a physical intrusion into the
Case: - Huffington v. TC GROUP, LLC, 637 F. 3d 18 - Court of Appeals, 1st Circuit 2011
In 2009, the Journal of American Medical Association wrote that at least 13,000 infants will be born dependent on some sort of substance, and DrugRehab.org says that eight million children have a parent that is addicted to substances as well. Now, most laws do protect the baby from a drug addicted mother, mainly in the event of a stillborn. While having a baby with brain damages and problems caused by the mother’s substance abuse, the mother will also suffer complications during childbirth (Sarah Blustain). Barry Lester found that 320,000 pregnant women suffer from alcoholism or the use of drugs. He views that their punishment is based on what society deems is criminally wrong and believes it is a disease that should be treated at a mental health facility not prison or jail(Drug-addicted mothers need treatment, not punishment). Drug addicted mothers, pregnant or not, pose a threat to a child’s safety, and therefore, should be punished.
Every American seeks privacy. They want to feel like certain truths about themselves will be kept from the public. However, when athletes are constantly in the sport light their privacy seems to disappear. Even athletes have the right to have privacy and it is the matter of the courts and constitution to make sure that athletes feel safe.
The Communications Act of 1934, as amended (the "Communications Act"), and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulations and policies also significantly impact Comcast’s decision on the company's businesses, including cable system and broadcast station ownership, video services customer rates, carriage of broadcast television stations, broadcast programming content and advertising, package of programming to customers and other providers, access to cable system channels by franchising authorities and other parties, the use of utility poles and conduits, and the offering of high-speed internet and phone services (Marketline, 2013). Failure of Comcast's businesses to comply with the laws and regulations may result in administrative enforcement actions, fines and civil and criminal liability. In as much that laws, policies and regulations are much stricter in the U.S. this would present significant risks to the company's businesses which may affect its operating
Public access channels emerged in the 1970s as a component of municipal policies that sought to strengthens local controls, and communities’ ability to communicate through the cable system (Fuentes-Bautista, 2013). Municipalities are entitled to provide the funding for PEG access as determined by the law. PEG channels are not mandated by federal laws, instead they are a right given to the designated franchising authority, which it may choose to exercise (FCC). Therefore, the decision whether to require cable operators to carry PEG channels is delegated to the local franchising authority. Franchising authorities may also require cable operators to set aside channel outlets for educational or governmental use on institutional networks (channels