Introduction
The topic of discussion that was proposed by Rachid Hadjidj, Mourad Debbabi*, Hakim Lounis, Farkhund Iqbal, Adam Szporer, Djamel Benredjem was a new technique in uncovering e-mail forensic data for use in a court of law. Different types of cyber crimes performed through e-mail include “spamming, phising, drug trafficking, cyber bullying, racial vilification, child pornography, sexual harassment, etc.” Suspected e-mail accounts are examined by forensic analysis and data is captured in order to prove crimes in court. The amount of e-mail cyber crimes that manifest is proof that there is a need for a software tool that can be an all encompassing e-mail analyzer in order to capture the needed forensic data. The writers propose
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One limitation is that there is no message encryption at the sender end and/or an integrity check for the recipient to identify if the sender is trustworthy. The second limitation is that Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) does not have source authentication and header metadata can be easily modified to hide who is sending the e-mail. For these reasons forensic analysts need a tool that can identify people who are sending e-mails when messages may be anonymously sent and contain malicious intent. Cyber forensic investigation with respect to e-mails is the collection of credible evidence through analyzing e-mail collections to prosecute criminals. Analytics should include keyword searches, authorship attribution, and computing statistics. The writers of the article have combined social network analysis with these analytics to create a tool that can track who might be accomplices to malicious e-mailing. Their framework is titled Integrated E-mail Forensic Analysis Framework (IEFAF). With traditional authorship attribution, the writing style of a person is examined by using an entire collection of e-mails without regards to whom they are written. Further more stylometric features are assumed consistent and not controlled by the writer. The writers of the article have proposed that there could be variation in writing style of e-mails dependent upon certain context, recipient, and even time of day. Their proposed approach for authorship
The main difficulties that the police agencies face during the online crime investigation include the multi jurisdictions, obtaining the warrant for search and seize, anonymity, significant amount of data, and consistently evolving technologies and techniques(Wall, 2012). Specifically in the online predators crime, the idea of obtaining a warrant is the most critical difficulty the police agencies have. Similarly to other actual physical criminal cases such as murder or assault, the key component in conducting the successful investigation is to identify and obtain the actual evidences that can prove the offense(Power, 2013). However in terms of the cyber crimes, most evidences are contained in the actual computer itself, which, it explains that the
The internet has brought upon a new revolution of global interconnection where contacting someone on the other side of the world is just a click away, but with this international phenomenon comes an increased susceptibility with unfamiliar technology. Internet crime is compiled of all non-physical crime with the aid of a computer. Although broad in definition internet crimes are largely composed of acts such as cyber fraud, ‘phishing’ (username and password hacking), cyber stalking and hacking. Internet crime does not pose an overwhelming issue in society in terms of its
The article discusses the importance of analyzing spam emails, and says it cannot be emphasized enough. Most people tend to get confused between the junk and spam emails. This article focuses on digital investigations of malicious messages and different methods used by criminals in spamming unsuspecting users are also discussed.
Supportive investigation procedures and protocols should be in place in order to show that the incriminating evidence was on the electronic media. Crime has changed since the dawning of the computer age and the need for digital forensics is growing rapidly. Digital forensics has various areas based on different standards and media types, each with experts. There have been major breakthroughs in digital forensics
At the beginning of the second millennium, an era of information society, based on the increasing use of computers, computer technology, information technology, making available "everything to everyone, everywhere and always" very urgent problem of improving the legislation in the fight against various kinds of offenses in this area, and first of all crimes. Currently, computer crime, has acquired an international dimension, is already receiving an adequate assessment of the international community, in particular, is reflected in a special Convention on Cybercrime, signed in 2001 in Budapest, representatives of 30 countries, members of the Council of Europe. The scale of a virtual crime using the internet in the US can be seen from the following
Just as technology has exponentially increased the level of communication and commerce, it has similarly expanded opportunities for criminal activity and victimization. The Internet can be used to commit crimes ranging from the release of a computer virus resulting in worldwide catastrophic damage to industrial espionage, from simple assaults to acts of terrorism, from child pornography to luring and sexual assault on children. Apart from the breadth of potential misconduct, the unique nature of the internet presents challenges not evident in the traditional law enforcement, such as questions of jurisdiction, evidence access and preservation, applicability of current laws, vulnerability of a virtually unlimited victim pool, and practical obstacles to the identification of perpetrators. In this investigation manual you will find the overview of a crime, conduct a seizure of evidence with pictures, what to do when conducting a search
Digital forensic analyst can play a key role in identifying and apprehending offenders, helping investigators establish connections between people and their online activities. However, attributing computer activities to a particular individual can be difficult. For example, logs showing that a particular Internet account was used to
In this essay I will be talking about the key guidelines when it comes to investigating computer related crimes, such as what kind of the sections and sub-sections the offence falls under when regarding the ‘law’. I will also analyse the principle that will apply when dealing with the collection data using the digital forensic unit to analyse the data, more so how this is used to make accurate judgment on why the data was in this location and what its purpose or intended use was. Furthermore I will address what kind the authority the ACPO are granted, and further dissect the responsibilities the chief commissioner has. Lastly I will be addressing one the biggest computer related crimes which Cyber Crime and how ACPO created a method for dealing with such crimes, such as dividing the crime into two different categories of Cyber Crime, and how they differ from one another.
Officers now cannot just send and receive emails; they must have enough knowledge about how to read signs of fraud or other cybercrimes. Officers must understand what types of viruses are out there and what they do to computers to obtain sensitive information on an individual level and especially on a large scale level, for example, cases involving credit card companies or major corporations’ financial records. Officers must know the proper procedures on how to collect e-evidence as well as preserve computer units if needed to be investigated during a case. Last but not least, officers must understand the intricacies of the laws of search and seizure that pertain to computer and e-evidence, otherwise one wrong move or improper handling of evidence could dismiss a huge lead or case. The good news is that with new technology also comes with it advanced detection methods and individuals who possess the skills and education to develop ways and programs to deter and prevent identity theft from happening at all. An investigator’s role is always to remain ahead of the game no matter what type of case they are
This paper will help explain the basic understanding of computer forensics. I will also identify five areas in computers and computer application a forensic investigator can look for digital evidence. I will identify three types of criminal investigations that can utilize the services of computer forensic investigators. This paper will help with the understanding of computer forensics.
Criminalization is a social phenomenon, which has haphazardly increased in last few years as Information and Communications Technology (ICT) has become an internal part of our daily lives. Atomic computer users and large corporate companies are increasingly dependent on services provided by ICT. ICT provides wide range of services that are utilized by individual systems as well as enormous database handling companies. For numerous reasons, something is bound to go wrong within the ICT environments which may include an intentional attack on different services provided by an organization. Digital forensics has evolved significantly in the direction of prosecuting such criminals. Making use of freely available information on internet and rapid technological advancements in ICT has contributed to performing easy investigations rather cumbersome.
Such information is collected through emails, financial records, instant messages and other forms including video calls and internet voice calls (Litman, 2000). Scammers and cyber criminals have however taken advantage of the internet to tap into people’s information illegally, stealing identities and using it to commit cyber felonies (Culnan, 2000).
This paper provides an overview of the field of digital evidence and forensics from the perspective of the use of these fields in finance or digital crimes. Specifically, this paper investigates digital evidence and techniques for digital forensics in terms of how they complicate or facilitate the investigative process: how can forensic investigators apply new methods, given the rapidly expanding scope of cybercrime? How can new digital techniques facilitate investigations of computer fraud and other crimes? This paper considers computer and digital evidence from a forensic standpoint, considering how they have changed or rendered obsolete the already novel protocols for investigating such crimes. Conducting an in-depth review of
In the present generation there is a use of computer system in government sectors, banking and in many organizations. Because of these Computer crimes become the biggest challenges in the recent computerized world. In order to overcome the crime issues like stopping and preventing the computer frauds a new tool called Digital Forensics was introduced for the identification of computer based crimes. [Khidir M. Ali, 2012]
As technology is being advanced, computers have become very influential. Unfortunately, as computers get more complex, so are the crimes that are being done with them. Dispersed Disavowal of Service Attacks, ILOVEYOU and many other different viruses, Domain Name Hijacking, Trojan Horses, and Websites all cause the computers to mess up and shut down are just a few of the many documented attack kinds that are being produced by computers alongside other computers (Wegman). Administrators of data methods need to be able to comprehend computer forensics. Forensics is the procedure of using scientific knowledge for gathering, examining and giving evidence to the courts. Forensics handles chiefly with the retrieval and examination of hidden evidence. Dormant evidence can take a lot of different forms, from fingerprints that have been left behind on a window to DNA evidence that is recovered from blood stains which go on the files and then the hard drive. This paper will discuss my soon to be company that I will supervise that possess the previous qualities