Unemployment And Unemployment

The two primary data sources discuss in this abstract will be the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS). These data sources are reporting mechanism that tracks criminal activities in the United States and foreign countries. To articulate why crime exists and the extent of a crime, criminologists use records that are collected, compiled, and analyzed by government agencies such as the federal government’s Bureau of Justice Statistics (Siegel, Larry J., 2006, p 31). The official data is used to focus on the social forces that affect crime in regards to the relationship between crime and poverty, criminologist uses the data which provides

In any economy, no matter whether it is controlled by the government or by free markets, people need to work in order to support it. The government does not generate tax revenue by magic. There have to be people in that economy earning an income to ensure that the government continues to collect taxes. In a free market economy, the same applies because there are some services which only an organized government can supply (such as protection from extra-national threats), but there also those which the people get for themselves because of the working of the markets. In any scenario, unemployment is, at the very least, a drag on the economy, and it can be much worse. This paper examines how the unemployment rate in the United States is underreported, and how that fact effects the sluggishness of the present economy.

The city of Wortropolis faced an economic recession between 1980-2000. Wortropolis was a city that thrived from 1950-1980 with an economy based on large-scale manufacturing. The unemployment rate was 3% and the majority of residents owned their homes. In 1980 the city was hit with corporate frauds and illegal investment practices which lead to the collapse of the banking sector. The banking sector collapse lead to the economic recession. The recession caused problems of increased poverty, social inequality, and crime. Between 1980-2000 the crime rates significantly rose. The violent crime rate went from 5 per 100,000 to 50 per 100,000. The property crime rate went from 100 per 100,000 to 400 per 100,000. Despite the large increase in crime during the recession many of the white-collar offenders were never apprehended. The recession initially occurred due to the corporate fraud and illegal investment practices but they were not apprehended like the people who committed blue-collar crimes. This failure to apprehend the people can be displayed through the labeling theory. The labeling theory can explain the failure to apprehend the people who committed the white-collar crimes that caused the recession, and why the rate of white-collar offences remained low through the sixty-year period through differential enforcement and labeling.

This section of the paper consists of three main parts. First, the research questions that will be addressed, the expected hypotheses and an identification of independent and dependent variables. Second, the supporting literature for the hypotheses is discussed. Third, a conceptualization (definition) and operationalization (measurement) of each independent and dependent variable. Research Questions

Reiman and Leighton comprehensively begin the discussion of crime by outlining their main objectives, establishing the immediate problems surrounding crime control in America, and setting the groundwork for their premises. In recent years, the crime rate in the United States has declined. This decline is generally attributed to ‘tough on crime’ and mass incarceration policies, but the authors are quick to assert that other variables--economic, social-- are greater contributors to this decrease, with the ‘imprisonment binge’ only actually contributing a small amount to the decline. These strict crime enforcement policies might have a small impact on crime prevention, but criminologists are concerned with the potential effect such policies might have on criminal justice procedures--promoting profit rather than safety-- and endangering citizens’ rights (particularly those considered minorities).

Crime has a capacity to create brutal sequences causing unemployment, economic downturns and instability. Poverty and crime combined leave people with two choices: either take part in criminal activities, or try to find legal ways of income which is very difficult if having criminal records. After being rehabilitated in jail “more than 40 percent of ex-cons commit crimes within three years of

Results of crime in a market society, many people feel alienated from family and work; it increases in family disruption, because many parents are too busy taking on multiple poor wage jobs to take care of their family. They are unable to properly watch their children. This type of environment produces pressure to evoke in the economy. For example drug dealers with valid jobs make more money than the poor wage jobs

The findings of this paper have raised several issues based on the linkage between scale of incarceration and crime rates in a given jurisdiction. First, results indicate that the effectiveness of incarceration in instances of increased crime may rely on a given jurisdiction. This means that this policy of crime reduction may not be universally effective. Generally, jurisdictions whose incarceration policy implementation are at advanced stages may face lesser challenges in crime reduction that their less developed peers. This is an obvious finding because it is expected that

Since the beginning of the financial crisis over 4 million homes across the United States have been foreclosed on leaving millions of Americans without a place to live (Badkar, 2013). As we have witnessed, there have been many of devastating implications that has resulted from this crisis . This paper will explore one of them by looking at the relationship between foreclosures in urban cities and the impact they have on criminal activity. The event of a foreclosure has the possibility of affecting criminal activity on many different levels not only are the individuals directly involved affected, but the neighborhood where the foreclosured home is located is also affected. Prior to research I hypothesized possible effects foreclosures could have on crime using Jan Bruekner’s crime model. Firstly, the individuals who are directly involved are left without a home, this kind of dire situation can lead to individuals resorting to criminal activity as a way to earn income. The presences of unoccupied homes provides criminals with a place to breed and conduct illegal activity away from law enforcement. The unappealing aesthetics that come from boarded up homes discourages individuals in the community to take pride in there neighborhood. This could lead to less involvement and fewer calls to the police even when criminal activity is witnessed.

During the last four decades, the study on the economics of crime has become a new economics field to appeal more economists. The first previous literature attempts systematically to introduce the potential correlation between the crimes rates and the business cycle in the 19th century can be seen in Thomas (1925). There are existing weak negative correlations between the various crime and the business cycle, but positive correlation between drunkenness and the business cycle after examining data on the economic situation and the rates of crime and suicide in the UK, as she claims. This statement is confirmed by Radzinowicz (1941), who analyses Poland data and concludes that the rates of suicide has an inverse relation with unemployment. Nonetheless,

In 1996, according to the survey, crime was the largest social issue followed by health, education, unemployment and environment. In this priority of concerns of the public, organisations need to pay attention to build a suitable policy which can help them to survive, and maintain safety of their employees against any criminal activity

In The United States, there is a direct correlation between the states with the lowest and highest unemployment rates; and the lowest and highest crime rates. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics the states with the lowest unemployment rates generally have the lowest crime rates (Bureau of Labor Statistics). One can argue harsher penalties would most likely deter criminals from committing crimes, but preventive measures are most efficient for decreasing the crime rate. The most efficient way to reduce the rising crime rate in the United States is to install more preventative measures, heavily regulate privatized prisons that are run for individual profit, and provide more support and lenient treatment for petty criminals.

Unemployment has always been something that Americans have worried about since the great depression in which one in every four people was unemployed. High unemployment has an impact on every one even those whom are still currently employed. For example if the unemployment rate is particular high then even those with jobs get worried. Unemployment is also separated in to distinct categories base on which group is the focus of the study. The categories can be by race, age or location, for example the unemployment rate of those between the age of sixty and sixty-five could be compared those between the ages of thirty and thirty-five. These categories allow economist to see which groups are the best and which groups are worst off. One group

Money is essential to any individual looking to have a decent lifestyle; labor is the avenue through which this is acquired. The economy goes through various fluctuations in activity causing unemployment to fall, rise, or level out. What this creates is the first type of unemployment, known as cyclical; frictional is the second type, caused by a temporary leave (for whatever reason) by the employee, and structural is the third type, varying with the economic changes in demand. The absence of unemployment at its maximum level is termed full employment, another version of unemployment. The term encompassing the sum of the frictional, structural, and, yet another type of unemployment, surplus unemployment is that of the natural rate of

This research paper is organized into five sections. Section one fill cover the introduction which will address a general overview of available remedies concerning the research topic. Section two will highlight the literature review of this research paper; section three will highlight the methodology that will be used for this study in terms of the sample and sampling plan. Section four will highlight the sources of data; this highlights the sources that the researcher used in gathering information concerning the research topic. Section five will highlight the discussion of regression while section six will highlight the conclusion of this study in terms of suggested areas of future research and the limitations of the study.