Unit 5 Diagnostic Test Paper

Approximately, 1 of every 500 people is affected with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, it is important for patients to understand the dynamics of the disease as it could potentially be life threatening. In most cases, the patients quality of life is not affected, but a few will experience symptoms that cause significant discomfort or undetected complications that could lead to sudden cardiac death. With that in mind, it would be beneficial to recognize what it is, specific causes, the steps of diagnoses, and the options for treatment.

TROPONINS – Markers of choice. Elevated between 4 and 6 hours after the onset of an acute MI and remains elevated for 8-12 days.

A number of tests would be performed to analyze the extent of damage of the heart. An electrocardiogram would be one of the first tests performed to check the electrical

The patient that I have chosen for my diagnostic reasoning paper is a 47-year-ol-Hispanic female. The presenting problem that I have chosen to use as my patient’s chief complaint is back pain. The only other clues that I have to use in order to help narrow my focus is that she is a female, she is 47-years-old, and she is Hispanic. I do not know how long she has been experiencing pain or how severe her pain is. Given these parameters, I will “cast a wide net” as I evaluate my patient and create my list of differential diagnoses.

Ms Chasten was correctly diagnosed and treated for an acute MI complicated by a V Fib cardiac arrest. Her CAD was treated with PTCA and her post MI EF by echo was 20%. She received a LifeVest to protect her while his physicians treated her with beta blockers and

What additional laboratory or radiological tests would be indicated and why? What would you expect to find?

Cardiac dysrhythmias come in different degrees of severity. There are heart conditions that you are able to live with and manage on a daily basis and those that require immediate attention. Atrial Fibrillation is one of the more frequently seen types of dysrhythmias (NIH, 2011). The best way to diagnosis a heart condition is by reading a cardiac strip (Ignatavicius &Workman, 2013). Cardiac strips play an chief part in the nursing world allowing the nurse and other trained medical professionals to interpret what the heart is doing. In a normal strip, one can clearly identify a P wave before every QRS complex, which is then followed by a T wave; in Atrial Fibrillation, the Sinoatrial node fires irregularly causing there to be no clear P

There are many races, hurdles, and obstacles to contend with throughout the course of life such as: life itself, family and health. In the realm of Certified Nursing, I have become more intent on knowing more about the lifestyles of the people, and the good and bad results of daily tasks that ensure their happiness. Safety, and the many diseases/disorders that have been encountered by others, can only be counter-acted by better knowledge, resources, and means of assurance in providing ways of increasing the (ADLs). While reading, I came across the disorder of Myocardial Infarctions, and found the information to be remarkably interesting. First of all, I learned that infarctions are commonly known for being obstructions of the blood supply to the organs and tissues; whether by the thrombus or embolous. This obstruction causes tissues to die. ” (Medicine Net, 2015).There’s different kinds of infarctions, such as: Myocardial, Acute, Cerebellar, and Right Ventricular. Therefore, myocardial infarctions are “irreversible necrosis of heart muscle, which are secondary to prolonged ischemia” (emedicine, 2015). Therefore, myocardial infarctions are “irreversible necrosis of heart muscle, which are secondary to prolonged ischemia” (emedicine, 2015).

While CK alone is not a specific marker to the heart muscle; CK-MB a subset isoenzyme of CK is a specific cardiac marker during an AMI. Serum levels greater than 5% is an indication of an MI. Troponin is another specific and sensitive cardiac marker that is not usually found in the blood. When the myocardium is injured, the necrotic tissue releases troponin into the blood, even the smallest injury to the myocardium will show traces of troponin elevation in the blood. Traces of troponin will remain in the blood for 10-14 days and can help to diagnose an MI when levels of CK are not present or when the diagnosis has been delayed(Lemone2015). Another cardiac marker that is found during an MI is myoglobin and it is the first one to appear but it is also the first one to

Chronic periaortitis refers to a fibro-inflammatory process involving the aorta, commonly infrarenal abdominal aorta. The involvement of aortic root and ascending aorta are relatively rare. The aetiologic possibilities are diverse and include neoplasms, infections, trauma, radiotherapy, surgery, drug intake and idiopathic retroperitoneal fibrosis. Periaortitis is rarely evident in transthoracic echocardiogram as the involvement of aortic root is rare, and the visualization is suboptimal. We report two cases of periaortitis where a circumferential periaortic cuff was detected by transthoracic echocardiogram.

Based on the laboratory test, electrocardiogram, and the patient’s presentation would lead the health care provider to believe that the patient is having a myocardial infarction or heart attack. A myocardial infarction is when suffienct blood flow to the coronary arteries is decreased or stopped which in turn leads to partial or complete failure of the cardiac muscles in that area of the heart (Abreu de Vargas, Riegel, de Oliverira Junior, Silveira Siqueira, & Oliveira Crossetti, 2017, p. 2804). When the cardiac muscle is not getting the blood flow and the oxygen that it needs the tissues start to become necrotic and release a chemical called troponin. A laboratory test that is performed on patient that complains of chest pain is a troponin,

A series of blood test are usually administered with in a 24-hour period to not only verify that a patient has suffered a myocardial infarction, but to show the extent of death to the heart muscle. There are certain proteins that are discharged into the blood by dying cardiac tissue. These are referred to as cardiac enzymes. “These cardiac enzymes are creatine phosphokinase (CPK), special sub-fractions of CPK (specifically, the MB fraction of CPK), and troponin, and their levels can be measured in blood. These cardiac enzymes typically are elevated in the blood several hours after the onset of a heart attack.” (Daniel Lee Kulick, 2015).

His blood test results reveal (cardiac markers): elevated troponins and creatine kinase (CK) and lipid panel: high cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein (LDL), low high-density lipoprotein (HDL). According to Ruseva (2005), cardiac troponins increase within 4-5 hours after myocardial damage. In addition to the above, rupture of the plaque in the blood vessels and subsequent deposit of platelets leads to a blockage, which results in chest pain (Ruseva, 2005). This blockage causes myocardial injury and leaks troponins from the damaged myocytes (Ruseva, 2005).

Blood tests. Certain heart enzymes slowly leak into your blood if your heart has been damaged by a heart attack. Emergency room staff will take samples of your blood to test for the

Blood tests will be done to assess troponin I, troponin T, creatine kinase (CK) and myoglobin which are classified as cardiac serum markers (Cardiac Emergencies, n.d.).