Urology: Male Infertility And Prostate Cancer

The female urinary tract and male reproductive organs are part of a specialty known as urology. It is a surgical specialty which also deals with diseases of the male urinary tract. “Although urology is classified as a surgical

Describe the immune response and the cells and structures that participate in it. Pay special attention to the different types of white blood cells as well as the structures involved. (At least 500 words.)

Nephrologists are doctors specialized in internal medicine who focus on kidney care and treating any diseases of the kidneys. According to Davita Inc. (2004-2006) Nephrologists treat many different diseases, the most common being chronic kidney disease (CKD), acute renal failure, kidney stones and high blood pressure and almost all Nephrologists

Urologists are specialized doctors who work along with specialists in gynecology, nephrology, oncology, pediatric surgery, endocrinology, and gastroenterology. Since diseases and disorders they treat are treated by urologists. In many cases, your symptoms make you think to visit a nephrology

When we had a diseases or diagnoses, we tend to seek treatments and try to cure it as soon as possible. However, what if there is no reliable treatment or nearly no treatment and the only things is to do research. Life can be really difficult and no one wants any sickness or diagnosed with such a disease like cancer. Prostate Cancer is a known cancer that happen to men only and a lot of men in the U.S had it. The part that happens to male’s reproductive system and it is a gland found in the most private area of a men. Moreover, it is located in front of the rectum and under the bladder where it grows slowly. First, prostate cancer really affect men who diagnosed with it and we need to understand it first to be able to solve it. Next,

The objective of this paper was to find a correlation between elevated levels of testosterone and prostate cancer. The rationale behind evaluating high levels of testosterone and prostate cancer is testosterone is necessary for the development of the prostate. Elevated levels are needed for adolescent males can form their reproductive system, in which the prostate is included. In addition, testosterone is important in the formation of the adrenal gland because testosterone, being an androgen itself, is made it the adrenal gland after puberty. Therefore, some scientists and researchers believe that there is a direct correlation between higher levels of testosterone and prostate cancer. Although the intention of this paper is to focus on increased

Turns out that prostate cancer is more deadly for your health than you may realize.

According to the American Cancer Society, “there are nearly 3 million prostate cancer survivors in the United States today and this number is expected to increase to almost 4.2 million by 2024. Most prostate cancers (93%) are diagnosed at the local or regional stage, before the cancer has spread to surrounding organs. Treatment at these early stages is often very successful, and the 5-year relative survival rate approaches 100%.” ("After Prostate Cancer Treatment," 2014). Cancer usually grows slowly and remains confined to the prostate gland initially, where it may not cause serious harm. While some types of prostate cancer grow slowly and may need minimal or no treatment, other types are aggressive and can spread quickly. It 's not clear what causes prostate cancer. Doctors know that prostate cancer begins when some cells in your prostate become abnormal. Mutations in the abnormal cells ' DNA cause the cells to grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells do. The abnormal cells continue living, when other cells would die. The accumulating abnormal cells form a tumor that can grow to invade nearby tissue. Some abnormal cells can break off and metastasize to other parts of the body. ("Prostate Cancer," 2013).

A male and female couple of reproductive age is considered infertile if they are unable to naturally achieve a pregnancy within 1 year of having intercourse (1). About 1 in 7 couples are considered infertile in the UK, and it is thought that the male partner is either the sole cause or contributes to the infertility in 40% of these these couples (2, 3). Many cases of infertility in men are know to be the result of abnormalities caused by things such as; infections, trauma and congenital defects. However, it is estimated that around 50% of infertility in men is idiopathic (4). Diagnosis of male infertility is primarily done using a semen analysis, which is then cross-referenced against WHO reference values (5). Further tests for diagnosis include hormone tests, antiserum antibody tests and sperm function tests.

This report provides a holistic scope of prostate cancer (PCa) from prevention, pathology, diagnostic screening, pharmacology, and treatment methods. It also incorporates statistical data, and provides a case study that helps the prospective nursing student to analyze its implications for their practice. The current methods for PCa diagnostics is often times not conclusive, and this causes a controversial decision to be made by the patient and the healthcare provider to either perform a surgery to remove the prostate, or a wait-and-see method of progression. The gold standard for diagnostic screening for PCa has long been prostate specific antigen (PSA); however newer methods are coming to light that enhance the PCA screening by adding additional biomarkers and advanced algorithms that help to reduce over-diagnosis of PCa. The bright side to this disease is two-fold: it mainly effects those in older age, and early detection can account for a 95% success rate up to 15 years after detection.

While many illnesses and diseases are well understood, prostate cancer is one of the remaining cancerous conditions that is shrouded in misunderstanding. There are several main reasons for this, not the least of which is that men as a group, simply do not want to deal with this very common no cancerous condition.

The danger of assuming the laptop is one of the multitudes of factors that affect fertility in men. In addition, because of hereditary factors, factors unfavorable life habits such as assuming the laptop on while doing a job or just to find entertainment with using a laptop can also cause a decrease in fertility rates in men. This is due to heat radiation posed by the reproductive area flows into laptops, especially the men.

Several age-related changes occur in the male reproductive system. In some but not all men, the size and weight of the testes decrease, with an associated decrease in the number of interstitial cells and a thinning of the wall of the seminiferous tubules. These changes may be secondary to a decrease in blood flow to the testes or to a gradual decrease in sex hormone production. In addition, the rate of sperm cell production decreases, and the number of abnormal sperm cells produced increases. However, sperm cell production does not stop, and it remains adequate for fertility for most men. Age-related changes become obvious in the prostate gland by age 40. By age 60, there is a clear decrease in blood flow to the prostate gland, an increased

The testicals on the male body are apart of their reproductive system. The testicles are two golf ball size glands held in the scrotum right below the penis. The testicles is where sperm is held and it is also where the hormone testosterone is made. Testicular cancer is located at the testicles. With timely diagnosis, testicular cancer is most likely treatable and curable. The most common age to get testicular cancer is between the ages 15 to 34 years old. The amount of men that will be diagnosed with testicular cancer is about 8,700 men. People can actually die from testicular cancer but it is highly unlikely to happen. The amount of men that will die this year of testicular cancer is roughly 380 men. There is three stages

A urinary tract obstruction will occur when there is an interference in the flow of urine through the urinary tract. When a obstruction occurs in either female or male urinary tract, there will be ab back flow of urine back into the kidneys. One of the many consequences that this condition causes is dilation of the structures distal to the obstruction, greatly increases the risk for infection, and will cause damage to the function of the kidneys (Huether, 2017, p. 747). There are two different types of obstructions that can occur: anatomic or functional. When an anatomic obstruction occurs there will be changes within the urinary system and this is known as obstructive uropathy. Along with these two types of obstructions, they can either occur