The study employed independent t-test and chi-square test to make a comparison (to make sure the presence or absence of difference) between the participant and non-participant households. The mean values of continuous variables in the two categories were compared using independent t-test. The result of independent t-test pointed out the presence of a significant mean difference between the two categories in terms of age of household head, total household income, frequency of extension contact and distance to market. The result indicated that the mean age of participant households (44.73 years) was less than the non-participant households (48.59 years). The study also showed that those farmers who were participating in off-farm and non-farm activities had relatively better mean total income than non-participants. The mean value of total household income earned by those farmers who were engaged in off-farm and non-farm employment opportunities was Birr 17103.55, while it was birr 7628.77 for non-participant households. Furthermore, it also indicated that those households who were engaged in off-farm and non-farm employment income generating activities had less frequency of extension contact than those households who were not participants in off-farm and non-farm activities. The mean value of extension contact received by participant households was 12.35 contacts, while it was 17.38 for the non-participant household. Moreover, the finding of the study showed that the mean
Modern day farming has transformed from the farming process of last century. Instead of farmers producing for their families, farmers are now similar to input/output managers supplying massive manufacturers that feed the country.
There is no doubt that urban agriculture has many benefits people who are living in urban area especially fixing the food insecurity problem. According to the USDA Economic Research Service (2016), food insecurity can happened when a household loss access to fresh foods due the lack in social and low economic. When the population of people concentrated in an area with bad economic situation increases, it will later affects the employment opportunities and food insecurity might be a critical issue. This is supported by a
In this paper I discuss the creation, distribution, and results of a psychological test. The test consisted of knowledge and self-report sections, which tested the construct of “The AZA and Zoos”. According to their website, The Association of Zoos and aquariums (AZA), is an independent, non-profit organization that grants an optional accreditation to zoos, aquariums, and wildlife sanctuaries. Institutions that meet their strict standards for animal welfare and care after a series of inspections and interviews are granted a five-year accreditation. In addition to their standards for animal care, they are also invested in conservation of species, and education of the general public (AZA, 2016). The knowledge portion evaluated general knowledge of the AZA policies and procedures, while the self-report evaluated overall opinion on Zoos. An example item for the knowledge portion was item three “An AZA accreditation is not necessary to operate a zoo “. An example item for the self-report portion was item 32 “I think zoos are a positive enrichment activity for children “. The intended survey population for this survey was the general population.
The price per acre of farm land doubled to $2,140 over the last 10 years. A lack of health care also hurts farmers as farming ranks as the fourth most dangerous occupation in the country, and young farmers often must choose between health care and paying for their farm. All of these obstacles and more make farming a difficult occupation to enter. We need organizations such as Young Farmers’ to provide support, education and training to help our nation’s most important
South Asia is one of the most densely populated regions of the world, where despite a slow growth, agriculture remains the backbone of rural economy as it employs one half to over 90 percent of the labor force. Both extensive and intensive policy measures for agriculture
The agricultural sector in the United States is a significant contributor to the economy. The agricultural sector depends on manual labor that is provided by farm-workers who are involved in harvesting, planting, plants processing, houses packing and facilities preparation that are connected to farming (Bruhn 79). Most of the farm-workers are Latin American migrants and minor representations from other regions. Migrant farm-workers in America are a representation of one group that exists among the most marginalized and less served population in the state. A migrant farm worker is described as a person whose primary employment lies in the agricultural sector on a recurring basis and exists in houses that are temporary. In America currently,
Recently in America, there has been a decrease in family farming; according to article “The Disappearing Family Farm”, since the 1930’s there are roughly 5 Million fewer family farms in America, and out of the 2 million remaining, only 565,000 are family operated. (USDA, 2017). The drastic decrease in family farming has begun to ignite questions and debate within the American population; why this trend is occurring. The first official reason is the new laws implemented by our government have made it insufficiently harder to build a profit causing many farms to shut down.
In this research essay the article “Farmers Get Biggest Subsidy Check in Decade as Prices drop,” written by Alan Bjerga. The article brings forward the pressing issues of the agriculture downturn of prices in the United States of America. The article reviews crop surplus and reduced income in terms of the drop of agriculture prices. The article also touches on the fact that the united sates of America agriculture system needs more aid to provide safety for net farmers.
In an article in the Huffington post written by Danielle Nierenberg, in 2014 the U.S. bureau said that 98% of American farmers were family farmers, and declared the year 2014 as the International Year of Family Farming. Unfortunately, this number is declining rapidly as one sees the approach of more
Why do we eat? We eat to get energy. Food is essential for our well being to foster growth and development. A healthy living is said to start from what you eat and drink. Farming is an enormous task and a farmer harnesses a lot of resources to bring this to limelight. Acquiring acres of land to farm requires a lot of financial responsibilities from the farmer. In many circumstances a lot of people who are willing to be a farmer freak out of the hassles due to inability to have access to fIn the farming industry a lot of government policies are not to be in support of the small scale farmers. Generally, the large scale industrial farmer explores different unethical conducts to carry out their daily activities in the food production mechanism. The government agencies should eliminate the threat placed on the small-scale farmer to enable a fast-growing economics where people can make informed choices on what they want to eat and drink to prevent illness and health issues such as obesity and heart diseases.
“The Disappearing Family Farm”, by Jacob C. Toews examines the lifestyle of a farmer and how it is fading fast. After peaking at 6.8 million in the 1970’s family farms took a quick and fatal drop to 2.1 million in 2002. Farmers and their family become very pressured when the farmer retires at age 52-57 and a younger member is not willing to take over the farm. Another major impact on family farming is the economic imbalances. It is very hard for a farmer to make a profit to support the family with very little income and soaring expenses. As the average family needs over $47,000 in expenses ,A little under one in four farms exceed $50,000 in revenue. Although 90% of farms are still family owned and operated the trend is that they are turning
There are many small farms and farmers that cannot make a living today by growing and selling their beloved crops. In other words, when large agricultural crop producing competitor increasing in sales, it impacts the lives of famers and their farms in a negative manner. In the article Don’t Let Your Child Grow Up to Be a Farmer by Bren Smith, published in The New York Times in August 2014, Smith elaborates that “Nighty-one percent of all farms households rely on multiple sources of income”. Jim Rowe a local corn farmer just got done farming and placing his tools away in his shop. He then, travels home to clean up from a 9-hour day on the farm. After cleaning up Mr. Rowe is off to his second job as a UPS driver. It is important to realize;
The evaluation will consist of a comparison of the member data collected from the three years prior to the expansion as well as data collected six months and one year after the first harvest. Data from before the expansion will be compared to data after the expansion to see if we are indeed able to help more people. All member data on record will be analyzed to determine the impact the expansion had over membership numbers. We will also look to see if the percentage of low or no income members has increased. Harvest data will be collected from the two years prior to the expansion and for the first year after the first harvest post expansion. The weight of each harvest as well as crop type will be used to determine the actual increase in crop yield of the new farming techniques compared to traditional farming
The agriculture field is one of the biggest employers, employing over 155 million people in the United States. What do you think about when you hear the word “agriculture?” Many people would say farming, but this is not the most common occupation in this field. Farmers make up a fraction of the agricultural jobs at 900,000, but over 2.1 million people own, rent, and claim farming as a primary source of income. The average farm size has dropped from 460 acres in 1990 to 418 acres in 2007, while the average age of this occupation rose to 57, making this one of the older workforces in the United States.
Over 58 per cent of the rural households depend on agriculture as their principal means of livelihood. So Sales of tractor and mini trucks has