Ventilator Associated Pneumoni Pneumonia

It has been repeatedly stated that oral care is important in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Endotracheal intubation predisposes patients to developing VAP. The tube acts as a conduit from the mouth to the lungs – a perfect track for bacteria to descend upon. Khezeri, et al. (2014) suggest that “the presence of an endotracheal tube (ETT) inhibits normal coughing, normal swallowing, and the protection of the trachea contact by epiglottis closure.” In addition, an endotracheal tube keeps the patients mouth open – leading to dryness. Bacteria are not washed away by saliva. Also, Landgraf, et al. (2017) mention that the presence of an endotracheal tube in the mouth causes “changes in the oral epithelium” which “might indicate risk for infection in intensive care patients

The VAP Bundle excerpted from the IHI (Institute for Healthcare Improvement) standards and VAE, IVAC, AND VAP definition criteria excerpted from NHSN continue to be utilized for all ventilator patients to monitor performance process and outcome measure compliance efforts.

VAP is the parenchymal lung infection and alveolitis, the accumulation of inflammatory exudates and infiltration of airway mucosa can lead to unfavourable respiratory mechanics occurring at least 48 hours after initiation of mechanical ventilation. VAP is one reason for high costs and prolonged length of hospital stay in the intensive care units (ICU).9

The prevention of VAP through standardized care can reduce mortality rates, reduce mechanical ventilation days, and decrease costs and improve patient outcome.

care outcomes, as well as benchmark data to assess current practice,” (Sherwood, 2014). American Nurses Association has a National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators looks for a cause for common healthcare issues, such as “surgical site infections, pain assessment, pressure ulcer development, and falls,” (Sherwood, 2014) to better understand how these things came about to possibly prevent in the future.

According to Hunter (2012, p.40) “VAP is a hospital acquired pneumonia that occurs 48 hours or more after tracheal intubation or acute tracheostomisation”. VAP is one of the most common nosocomial infection responsible for one third of mortal respiratory infections in European ICUs (Adib-Hajbaghery et al. 2011).

To encourage physicians, ICU nurses, and respiratory therapist to use the ventilator associated pneumonia bundle in all ventilated patients in an intensive care unit.

Ventilator - associated pneumonia (VAP) is the second most common hospital acquired infection (HAI) and is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates for ventilated patients in intensive care units (Bingham, Ashley, Jong, & Swift, 2010). The VAP increases patients’ mortality rates, length of stay and hospital costs (Hiner, Kasuya, Cottingham, & Whitney, 2010). The VAP is the leading causes of death due to nosocomial infections and the

The evolution of this project cultivated from the need of improvement for patients suffering from sepsis at MacNeal Hospital. Sepsis is a potentially fatal host response to infection that occurs as a systemic inflammatory response syndrome (Schub & Schub, 2013). I felt it was very important to re-evaluate what I can do as a nurse to improve the expected outcomes of sepsis patients and decrease their length of hospitalization. If a patient is admitted with severe sepsis, it places the patient at a higher level of risk than if he/she was admitted with an acute myocardial infarction or acute stroke (Robson & Daniels, 2013). I became interested in sepsis as my project when I became informed that MacNeal had started a Patients With Sepsis Orders Daily Reports, I decided I could enhance and develop an educational tool to help the case managers, emergency room nurses, and staff nurses with early recognition of sepsis and decreasing the length of stay. Angus and Van der Poll (2013) stated that the United States reported 2% of patients that were admitted to the hospital suffered from severe sepsis.

For health care organizations quality data collection is an essential tool used for data collection. The information produced from the data assists the health care organization in other functions such as effective ways to manage and perform decision making for the organization, this includes the strategic planning process. Quality improvement is the method of assessing processes and provides the information necessary to improve services. All of this together allows the health care organization to become a high producing system of

Ventilator-associated pneumonia is a bacterial infection that occurs in the lower respiratory system within the first 48 hours of endotrachal intubation (Lewis, Dirksen, Heitkemper, Bucher, & Camera, 2011). Although any hospital patient is susceptible to pneumonia, ventilator dependent patients are at the highest risk of acquiring pneumonia. The purpose of this paper is to identify the risk factors, incidences, and preventions of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) using a quantitative research study performed in Malaysia. “The aim of this

Nursing sensitive indicators (NSI) are a means to monitor patient care and outcomes. They offer the healthcare facility a reflection of the nursing cares provided and the areas that improvement may be needed. Nursing quality indicators are vital when it comes to establishing evidence based practice guidelines, and these guidelines exemplify that nursing as a profession has a responsibility to measure, evaluate, and improve the quality of nursing practice. This paper will review four nursing sensitive indicators being monitored by Good Samaritan Medical Center. You have a 1 in 25 chance of leaving the hospital with a new infection (The Leapfrog Group, 2016) and monitoring the current NSI can help reduce the risk. The focused safety

The purpose of this paper is to assess the effects of oral care on ventilator-associated pneumonia for inpatient

Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung which results into an excess of fluid or pus accumulating into the alveoli of the lung. Pneumonia impairs gas exchange which leads to hypoxemia and is acquire by inhaling a contagious organism or an irritating agent. (Ignatavicius & Workman, 2013). Fungal, bacteria and viruses are the most common organisms that can be inhale. Pneumonia could be community-acquired or health care associated. Community –acquired pneumonia (CAP) occurs out of a healthcare facility while health care associated pneumonia (HAP) is acquired in a healthcare facility. HAP are more resistant to antibiotic and patients on ventilators and those receiving kidney dialysis have a higher risk factor. Infants, children and the elderly also have a higher risk of acquiring pneumonia due to their immune system inability to fight the virus. Pneumonia can also be classified as aspiration pneumonia if it arises by inhaling saliva, vomit, food or drink into the lungs. Patients with abnormal gag reflex, dysphagia, brain injury, and are abusing drug or alcohol have a higher risk of aspiration pneumonia (Mayo Clinic, 2013). In the case of patient E.O., this patient had rhonchi in the lower lobe and the upper lobe sound was coarse and diminished. Signs and symptoms of pneumonia include difficulty breathing, chest pain, wheezing, fever, headache, chills, cough, confusion, pain in muscle or

The interventions for pneumonia are as follows. First, the patient must have oxygen administered to increase the blood's oxygenation level and ensure proper oxygenation to the body's organ systems. As the patient is treated with oxygen, she should be encouraged to breath deeply, as oxygen is the best cure of pneumonia. Next, vitals should be consistently monitored and oxygen treatment repeated whenever the oxygenation level drops below 90 percent. Finally, the on-call physician should be notified of the patient's condition so that