Victims Can Exhibit All Sorts Of Mental And Emotional Reactions

The use of police in schools has been on the increase since the shootings at Columbine High school in 1999. However, over the last 10-12 years the increase is due mainly to available government funding. These “Special Police” are now called “School Resource Officers” (SROs). While the proponents of the SRO program believe that the presence of a Police officer represents all that is right and moral and what our children should aspire to be.

Any victim of sexual abuse faces the chance of having their development impacted. This is especially true amongst children. Studies have proven that children who have been sexually abused by a female offender often have different developmental experiences (T.A. Gannon, 2008, p. 356). Mental illness is yet another impact that victims face. Many sexual abuse victims transpire into states of depression, rage, and suicide; they even have strained relationships with certain individuals (Denov, 2014, p.

Victims of sexual assault suffer from a wide variety of mental and emotional issues throughout their lives as a result of the experience. Results can range from depression, anger, feelings of loneliness, and difficulty when trying to formulate relationships of trust (Hyde 45). Victims experience a wide variety of psychological issues as a result of sexual crimes, which they will have to carry with them throughout their entire lives. Also, “Psychological problems can start later in life with changes in behavior- vague fears, feeling unprotected and helpless, nightmares, bedwetting, sleeping problems, fear to loss parents approval/love, need to please others, poor self esteem, anger, depression, withdrawal from activities, daydreaming, difficulty concentrating, behavior problems” (Hyde 47).

Using the Safe Schools Act of 1994, the Act simply denotes the goal of reducing school violence. Rather than allowing schools to formulate their own rules of reducing violence, the Act should provide guidelines to how much security is needed to accommodate different youth populations in different school districts. Not only should the amount of security be taken into consideration, if schools were to allow SROs to patrol campus grounds, the Act should also mandate schools officials to recruit SROs that have been trained or experienced in juvenile delinquency. Having knowledge in juvenile delinquency is imperative as it allows SROs the skillset to engage with youth to de-escalate misbehaviors in classrooms, rather than escalating to physical entrainment or arrest that will serve as a permanent trauma for

The statistics of prevalence for child sex abuse varies because of all the unique cases of child sex abuse that is reported. Although, statistic show that one in three girls will be sexually abused at one point in the United States and boys are one in seven to be sexually abused (Anderson, 2014). Children are not susceptible to crime as shown in the statistics because predators like pedophiles have fetishes towards little boy or girls. One study found that 10% of children experienced or came close to experiencing a form of sexual violence which would include rape, sexual assault, or harassment (Anderson, 2014). The numbers shown in the statistics are higher because of the unreported cases. 30% of cases involving child sex abuse are reported to the local authorities and 73% to 87% of female adolescents who are abused sexually are not treated or identified by by the community (Anderson, 2014). Child sex abuse is also costly because it costs the United States an estimated $103 billion for the abuse and negligence (Anderson, 2014). On another note, 80% of children who have been sexually abused have symptoms of PTSD (Anderson, 2014).

This paper reviews several articles that discuss the lasting effects that sexual abuse can have on a child into their adult years. The articles agree that victims of child sexual abuse (CSA) will most likely suffer from posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and/or experience revictimization. This paper will also address the common forms of coping that victims of child sexual abuse take part in. Some research will touch on proper healing techniques for victims of CSA to receive.

The current School Resource Officer (SRO) for the Graham Police Department (GPD), assigned to the Graham Independent School District (GISD), will soon be retiring and the GPD and the GISD need to determine if the SRO program shall continue. This literature review is to show that a research study, to examine the impact of the SRO program in the Graham ISD and if the program is worthy of continuation, is needed. To make this determination the study needs to look at the interactions between students and the school resource officer and attempt to determine the students’ and the communities’ feelings about the SRO program and their sense of school safety. The current researches about SRO programs are either to broad with mixed results or inadequate to make a determination for a single small independent school district. By completing a study on a small independent school district it may show that more concentrated studies of SRO programs are needed to determine the true need of the SRO program in each individual ISD and community.

A siren sounds from the intercom and the familiar voice of the secretary that you passed on the way into school everyday saying “student this is a code red.” All the students huddle in a corner classroom and duck down out of sight while our teacher scrambles for her keys to lock the door and turn off the lights quickly. These drills are used to prepare students incase of an intruder in the building. Students are taught these drills from Kindergarten to Senior year of high school. In kindergarten these drills are great because you’re still in the world of fairy tails where you're safe no matter where you go and an adult will protect you from anything. As you get older you began to realize these drills are actually practical and you're not safe anymore. How many stories have been told about mass shootings in schools?

members who had threatened her at school a week ago. Therefore, rather than relying on teaching children principles of a gun safety, parents should learn how to more constantly prevent firearm injuries. Anticipatory guidance is vital to give parents the information that they need to make smart choices for themselves and their

Sexual violence can cause a survivor to have psychological, emotional, and physical effects. These effects aren't easy to cope with or

    The American Psychological Association (APA) has recognized the demand of gun violence prevention. In February of 2013, the APA authorized a report led by experts to research and find conclusions and loopholes to help prevent gun violence. They began with the antecedents of gun violence; developmental issues and gender and culture. The research first went toward finding developmental risks, such as firearms being introduced to families. Also, studies were conducted where male expectations started; why are males supposed to be tough and independent. Their conclusions began with children. If we can help parents raise emotionally stable and happy children, we can have less anger, violence, anxiety and depression embedded in families. “The Importance of Play in Promoting Healthy Child Development” supports this fact (Ginsburg, 2007). The ACT/Parents Raising Safe Kids program focuses on teaching parents strategies to prevent their children from growing up around any violence. This program also teaches parents the way to react when your child has any act of violence; how to point them away from violence and resolve issues with peace (ACT, “n.d”).

Existing controlled examinations of intervention efficacy specific to only sexual assault and rape are presently minimal in comparison to intervention examinations of combination or other types of trauma (Regehr, Alaggia, Dennis, Pitts, & Saini, 2013). Psychotherapeutic interventions that fail to differentiate sexual assault and rape victims from other types of trauma victims may decrease the treatment effectiveness or inadvertently harm participants in this subgroup. Trauma associated from rape or sexual assault differs from other forms of trauma and treatment efficacy should be examined in this manner. Trauma from rape or sexual assault entail symptoms of PTSD, depression, suicidal ideations and sexual dysfunction. Individuals may also indicate feelings of vulnerability, loss of control, fear, shame, self-blame, societal blame and stigma (Russell & Davis, 2007; Regehr et al., 2013; Ullman &Peter-Hagene, 2014). This research proposal intends to explore the long term effectiveness of Prolonged Exposure Therapy (PE) at reducing distress and trauma explicitly for adult victims of sexual assault and rape.

During the past decade, school safety has been at the forefront of many school districts safety polices and plans. With recent high profile school shootings, the question school districts continue to ask is how do we keep our schools safe? Administrators face heavy scrutiny when weighing approaches to school safety and student discipline. Likewise, school employees have the right to work in safe environments devoid of life-threatening behaviors (Fenning and Bohanon, 2006; Skiba and Rausch, 2006). America’s founding fathers understood the importance of a public school education. They believed educating its citizens would allow them the opportunity to learn new skills while becoming successful and productive people in society. However, our founding fathers did not predict the severe behavior changes our schools face in educating disruptive and dangerous students. America’s school districts are charged with providing solutions for disruptive and dangerous students (Fenning and Bohanon, 2006; Skiba and Rausch, 2006). School officials must address these issues with research-based interventions and collaborative resources that provide a safe learning environment for all stakeholders (Elliott and Mihalic, 2004; Schoenwald and Hoagwood, 2001). Boards of education continue to support school efforts to rethink best practices for disciplinary alternative middle schools (DAMS). Many school districts focus on research-based interventions and resources that manage aggression and

Child sexual abuse has been reported up to 80,000 times a year, but the number of unreported instances is far greater, because the children are afraid to tell anyone what has happened (American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry). Childhood sexual abuse is a traumatic experience affecting the lives of not only the victim, but those close to the victim as well. Many think there is only one person truly traumatized, but in fact, everyone involved is affected. The victim has to deal with their experience the rest of their lives. They may be more at risk for other mental issues as well, including depression. The family involved has to deal with its pain, often causing hardship and discord within the family. This is especially true

Parents also need to be informed of what constitutes violence and violent tendencies, and what to watch out for in their children. In order for parents to learn this information seminars should be held for parents. Kenneth Trump, the author of Basic Guidelines for Safe and Secure Schools, believes that there is a considerable tie between schools and parent involvement. He declares that “…increased parent involvement can result in home environments that are more conducive to learning and that improve communication and consistency between home and school. These changes can lead to safer, more responsive schools.” (Peterson 4) Parents would be advised that the behavior at schools reflects the discipline at home. According to the National Community of Parent Guard (NCPG), parents should be informed of everything their child does. ““Know signs that kids