Warren Court Education

Education has long been regarded as a valuable asset for all of America's youth. Yet, when this benefit is denied to a specific group, measures must be taken to protect its educational right. In the 1950's, a courageous group of activists launched a legal attack on segregation in schools. At the head of this attack was NAACP attorney Thurgood Marshall; his legal strategies would contribute greatly to the dissolution of educational segregation.

The 1954 court case, Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka ruled that Linda Brown, a black student who was denied admission into her local elementary school on the basis of her race, was in fact a violation of the Fourteenth Amendment. A unanimous court decision broke the long tradition of de jure segregation riding on the justification of “separate but equal” facilities. It was Chief Justice Earl Warren’s ruling that finally shed light on the fact that “Separate Educational facilities [were] inherently unequal” and that it resulted in the “deprived protection of the laws guaranteed by the Fourteenth Amendment.”

In 1951 schools were separated by skin color, or segregated. The Brown v. Board of Education trial was brought to court because a third-grader, Linda Brown, was not allowed to attend the elementary school that was closest to her house. She wa required to take the bus to school across town instead. In the trial the point that “Education for Negroes is almost nonexistent(13).” This is an example of how there were old problems in the Fourteenth Amendment that needed to be changed. Another issue that was brought up in the trial was that, “Segregation… has a tendency to retard the educational and mental development of negro children…(19).” Without the proper education at segregated

Sixty-two years ago, the Supreme Court ruled the “separate but equal” doctrine unconstitutional. The decision from the Plessy v. Ferguson case was lawfully denounced by the Brown v. Board of Education. The Brown case, which was initiated by the members of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP), served as a stimulus for challenging segregation in all areas of society, especially in public educational institutions. Among the support for the desegregation in school systems, there was a young yet compelling voice who was heard by numerous ears in the rural city in Farmville, Alabama. The virtuous and determined Barbara Johns, who was only a high school student then led her tiny, hovel-like school’s student body and the Farmville community to file a lawsuit in the hope of terminating the inequality in regards to the educational system.

The 1954 Supreme Court case Brown v. Board of Education intended to signal the end of racial segregation in school, but the actual outcome was more complicated. The court decided the previous ruling in Plessy v. Ferguson of separate but equal was unconstitutional, and that unequal educational opportunities based on race have detrimental impacts (“Transcript of Brown” n.pag.). As schools began integrating after the case, a backlash emerged and many white southerners resisted the addition of Black children to their schools. In no way did Brown v. Board solve or end racism in the school system, even though it advanced integration and established a legal standing on the issue. One of the most prevalent, widely discussed ways that segregation has continued is with disparities in race between schools. In fact, a 2013 study showed that Black students are more isolated now than 40

4) Facts: Since the verdict made by the Supreme Court on the Brown v. Board of Education case, little enactment was made in the Charlotte-Mecklenburg, North Carolina’s school structure. There are 107 schools altogether, in which the student population is 84000. Within the structure, there are 21 schools in which 14000 African Americans attend that are 99% of their race only. The rest of the African American students, about 10000 students, attend integrated school. In this case, the plaintiff, Swann, had come forth to bring the board of education to the court. It all started when Dr. Darius Swann, professor at Johnson C. Smith University, wanted to enroll his child to an almost all white school closer to his home, which he was rejected.

In 1954 the Supreme Court saw a case called Brown v. Board of Education of Kansas. This case was about segregation of public schools but before this was to be found unconstitutional, the school system in Kansas and all over the United States had segregated schools. For example, Topeka Kansas had 18 neighborhood schools for white children, but only 4 schools for African American children. (Brown v. Board of Education) Many people believe that the problem is no longer existent; however, many present day African American students still attend schools that are segregated. This problem goes all the way back to the 18th and 19th centuries when slavery was prevalent, yet still to this day it has not come to an end. Complete racial integration has yet to happen in many areas. This problem is not only in the Kansas City School District, but all over the country. The segregation of races in schools can impact a student’s future greatly. The Kansas City school district has been known to have the most troubled school’s systems for a long time.(Source) I’m sure the school board is well aware of the problem of racial inequality that is before them, but I will help them become more aware of the problem and how it affects a student’s future. In today’s society it is commonly overlooked on how important the subject of racial segregation really is. In this memo I will discuss the topics of racial socialization and school based discrimination in Kansas City, and the resulting effects that

These problems that were being seen at young ages were not likely to go away with time because their learning had already been delayed. Furthermore, the supreme court saw segregation at schools as unconstitutional, “Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, case in which on May 17, 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled unanimously (9–0) that racial segregation in public schools violated the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution, which prohibits the states from denying equal protection of the laws to any person within their jurisdictions,”(Duignan). The education of the student was not the only thing being denied but also the chance to have protection in their own home. The supreme court agreed it was unconstitutional because idea of “Separate but equal,” set up by the Plessy vs. Ferguson court case was not at all being

The Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public school systems violated the Constitution on May 17, 1954. The Courts decision faced great resistance from whites in the South. They threatened with violence, intimidation and other means as a reaction of the decision. After the decision, things were not easy and struggles remained. But through it all, it was victorious. The implementation (Brown II v. Board of Education) proved to be difficult. “Lawyers can do right, they can do good, but they have their limits. The rest of the job is up to society” (Patterson, 2001, pp

“In the field of public education, the doctrine of ‘separate but equal’ has no place” (Warren, Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka). This famous saying in 1954 marked the new generation of equality for African Americans that suffered from all mob brutality, mass murders and segregation. Brown’s conclusion reached by the Board of Education of Topeka proved the solid dedication of NAACP that had fought for civil rights since 1909. As fifty years had gone by since the organization was formed, The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People had overpassed their goal and contributed greatly throughout America with sweat and tears.

Throughout American history, schools have been segregated by race due to a common idea in society that although schools are separate they are still equal. Regardless of this belief, schools across the country were far from equal. Certain states made it illegal for black people to get an education resulting in most of them being illiterate. Plessy Vs. Ferguson created the idea of separate but equal in 1896, but doctrine was overturned in 1954 by the controversial Brown Vs. Board decision, resulting in the beginning of a new change that would be made in American schools. This decision is a symbolic moment in the history of American education because the shift in schools. The decision is still fundamental today due to the fact that segregation has now become about issues such as gender, sexual orientation, religion, and not just race. It is vital to understand this concept of segregation in schools so teachers can learn how to avoid segregation resulting in an inclusive class.

During the Brown v. Board Of Education case there was a strong disagreement by Linda Browns family and how schools shouldn’t be segregated on color. Linda and her sister had to walk to school everyday pass a dangerous railroad switchyard to get to there bus stop which the bus drove them to there black designated school. Linda family believed that the segregated school system violated the 14th Amendment and took the case to court. The schools were different as well as the education. They though that segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race deprives children, even though the physical facilities and other factors may be equal. Robert L. Carter the cause of appellate on the original argument and the argument Thurgood Marshall said. Then the plaintiffs contend that the segregated public schools are not “equal” and that hence they are deprived with equal laws. Then the question is whether segregation of children in public schools solely on the basis of race, affect the way that they are being treated. Then the question came to mind that this needed to change.

In “Opinion of the Court in Brown v Board of Education” (1954) Chief Justice Earl Warren argues that “separate but equal” has no place in American public education. Justice Warren goes on to support his claim by saying that black and white schools can never be equal because there are intangible things that go into a child’s learning that cannot be measured; therefore, if these things cannot be measured it can never be certain that the black and white schools are equal. In order to demonstrate the intangible inequities in segregated schools, Justice Warren recounts previous court cases where black students were placed at a disadvantage because they were sent to separate schools that were inherently unequal, despite having “equal facilities.”

Writing for the court, Chief Justice Earl Warren argued that the question of whether racially segregated public schools were inherently unequal, and thus beyond the scope of the separate but equal doctrine, could be answered only by considering “the effect of segregation itself on public education.” Citing the Supreme Court’s rulings in Sweat v. Painter (1950), and McLaurin v. Oklahoma State Regents for Higher Education (1950), which recognized “intangible” inequalities between African American and all-white schools at the graduate

Chief Justice Warren introduced psychological studies in his argument. One example that Chief Justice Warren used in his argument was that the black children started to feel racially inferior to the white children because their public education was not equal to one another. Therefore, this would have a bad effect on the black children because it affected how they were represented to the community. Moreover, Chief Justice explained that not only are the blacks and whites not equal because of their race but also it affected the blacks education. According to Chief, Justice blacks don't have the type of educators that whites have; therefore, they will not be as intelligent as the white kids. Ultimately, our nation feels that for students to have