What Are The Role Of Insurance In Developing Countries

natural disasters). Gallup et al. (2003, pp.41, 46) have estimated that natural disasters in Latin America over the last 30 years have cost up to $3.3 billion and in extreme disasters costs can reach 10 per cent of a country’s GDP. This, coupled with the fact that they suffer regularly from natural disasters due to their location, means that they find it harder to recover from them. The destruction of crops causes vast economic loss which cannot be regained as farmers rely on monoculture. Furthermore, many buildings in developing countries are often built from weak materials which causes mass destruction and costly re-construction which these countries cannot afford.

There are numerous points of view on resiliency, as non‑governmental associations (NGOs) perceive that individuals ' capacity to better withstand and recuperate from calamities is basic to maintaining improvement. NGOs, contributors and worldwide reaction groups are attempting to characterize resiliency in their terms. CRS characterizes resiliency as "the capacity of people, communities and institutions to advance integral human development in the face of shocks, cycles and trends" (2014, p.2). The vulnerable individuals themselves best characterize strength and resiliency. What vulnerable individuals accept helps most to their versatility limit is discriminating to current dialogs on resiliency. Contributors and NGOs may have their own meaning of the term; however, an understanding of what it really means to individuals looking to make their community resilient is crucial to outlining successful Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and recovery activities in development, risk reaction and catastrophe recuperation programs (CRS, 2014). The danger of not utilizing the

FEMA stands for Federal Emergency Management Agency. A state can be put into a Presidential Declaration, which is made for a disaster, and the state becomes eligible for FEMA. The government will assist the state in times of need but most of the time the state is required to match 25% of whatever the amount is that FEMA is providing. USDA Rural Development Emergency Community Water Assistance Grants are also given. The Department Of Agriculture may pay up to $500,000 to assist a rural community that has had a significant decline in quantity or quality of drinking water due to an emergency(NC Public Safety 2017). Emergency they cover include Drought, earthquake, flood, tornado, hurricane, disease or chemical

Hurricanes, tornados, earthquakes, tsunamis, freak floods, mudslides, typhoons, and avalanches. Natural disasters cost billions of dollars each year all over the world. The severity of these disaster are measured by the lives lost, the economic loss, and the ability of the population to rebuild. Natural disasters that really affect people worldwide tend to become more intense as the years go on. The frequency of earthquakes, mega storms, and heat waves has gone up considerably in the last few decades. Scientists, geologists, and storm watchers work hard to predict major disasters and avert as much damage as possible but it is still to predict some natural disasters. It has become easier to predict major storms, blizzards, cyclones, and other weather related natural disasters over the years. But there are still natural disasters that come up rather unexpectedly, such as earthquakes, wildfires, landslides, and volcanic eruptions. FEMA goal is to ensure that the United States is able to prevent, prepare for, respond to, and recover from disasters, natural and manmade alike. The agency’s motto is “A Nation Prepared”. Some people like FEMA former director Joe Allbaugh believe people shouldn’t depend on FEMA. That people should be able to help themselves and rebuild on their own.

In the Article, “Agriculture in the Dominican Republic: Highly Vulnerable, Mostly uninsured, on Worldbank.org. Many countries are vulnerable to natural disaster, and the country is defenseless against price issues, and remains uninsured against major shocks. “Agricultural Risk Management in the Caribbean”, an article reported by worldbank.org, includes the many issues these agricultural workers have to face. In the past 20 years, these workers have spent 9% of their gross domestic product dealing with the effects of weather hazards (Worldbank.org). As a consequence due to these weather hazards, the agricultural sector has been inactive. Farmers and the government have to accept the costs of weather hazards and price fluctuations (Worldbank.org). These weather hazards and price fluctuations have led to lower income levels, increased poverty, reduced economic growth, and competitiveness. The small farmers are the most affected, according to Worldbank.org. Agricultural activity in the Dominican Republic is centered on two crops, which is sugar cane and rice. These two crops alone make up for 11% of gross domestic product, and make up 15% of employment in the country. Agriculture is very important in the Dominican Republic, so the reduction of agriculture’s vulnerability to natural disasters is key (Worldbank.org). Natural disasters have become a major problem for the country’s finances. About

Based upon the research results obtained regarding policy issues of how funding of grants is obtained and the policy processes that are in place. There are areas of these said policies that are being reformed after going through a process called, lessons learned. These lessons are learned from prior disasters/incidents through a hazard mitigation process that is always going on before, during, and after an incident. In past incidents some policies are not existent and need to be produced through the use of policy tools from the support of the private sector and government agencies collaborates with one another to build a new policy such as FEMA grants for use by state and local governments. The grant funding process is important to the

Further, analyze and understand the adequacy of the measures taken to adapt future climate change induced hazard risks. I have developed my capacity by doing the Masters’ Degrees in Disaster Management and Emergency Management with a research work.

Data obtained by assessing social vulnerability must be implemented within each phase of the emergency management process; mitigation, response, and recovery. First, to effectively respond and recover from incidents emergency management agencies must concentrate on the mitigation phase to prevent incidents from happening in the first place. This is achieved through a thorough hazard/vulnerability analysis (HVA). This type of analysis assesses the risk of physical, economic, and social vulnerability within all communities of a given jurisdiction (Lindell et al., 2006, p. 165). Additionally, the basis of the HVA allows emergency managers to effectively plan for disaster by creating pre-planned responses to disasters (rather than improvised response) and staging resources to locations with the highest probability of risk; ultimately contributing to the mitigation and response phases.

Due to diverse geo-climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of natural disasters like floods, droughts, earthquakes, cyclones, landslides, and volcanoes etc may strike according to the vulnerability of the area.

As the Marxist approach puts it, “underlying states of human marginalisation are conceived as the principle cause of disaster.” (Pelling, 2001, p. 179). This resource exclusion to particular categories of people within society creates their vulnerability to risk, and in turn disaster. McLaughlin and Dietz (2007) suggest there are three dimensions that make up vulnerability including exposure, sensitivity and resilience. An example displaying the vulnerability of lower classed social categories is in North Bihar, India, where floods have been managed through engineering works to create embankments. While the Government appears to be reducing the hazard, this has increased the vulnerability of the local people. Soil fertility has decreased reducing agricultural success, dangerous flash floods are occurring due to embankment walls collapsing and communities have settled on apparently safe embankments and are now highly exposed (Pelling, 2001). The natural flood hazard was dangerous, but these works by society have created a natural disaster (Pelling, 2001). Power inequalities have created this disastrous situation where lower classes are at high exposure to floods due to profit hungry management bodies. This technological approach is clearly failing but the Government and other managing groups make large profits off flood engineering works and have the power to decide how to control the issue (Pelling, 2001). This has resulted in creating

Risk for disasters is a part of life; emergency situations occur more frequently than many people believe. A wise person plans for the worse, and hopes for the best. After a disaster, how well a community can recover will depend largely on how well they prepared in advance. Risk management includes identifying any potential risks to a community and proactively planning to minimize the threat. Proactive organization of resources and people to respond to emergencies can mean the difference between a community’s ability to regroup and recover, and the loss of life. To better

The disasters cause poverty because these countries are often weak financially and cannot afford to restore their country after extensive damage. Therefore due to lack of resources the situation gets worse. It affects their inhabitant's lives causing a lack of production leading to being unable to provide for citizens. In turn leading to poverty, as they cannot even provide substances to trade and lose money. Other factors that affect the lives of citizens are lack of clean water and standard education.

Developed nations have the superior infrastructure. These countries have more bridges that are better maintained. They also have better highways and roads that are paved with fewer potholes. In addition, sewers, hospitals, housing systems, and police stations are modernized with sewers having large pumps pushing the water through to avoid floods. For instance, the city of Miami has initiated a project aimed towards flood prevention by “raising roads, installing pumps, and water mains and redo sewer connection” (Flechas, 2017). Hospitals, as well as, police stations have powerful generators that can power all of their electrical equipment allowing them to still be effective and serve the population. On the other hand, developing nations are very old-fashioned. They are sometimes corrupt and because they do not allow outside access from other countries they lack the knowledge and resources. These countries are not able to create advanced hospitals with modern equipment and laboratories to treat their patient's conditions. They also lack medical supplies

Investigating the Extent to Which States of Economic Development Influence the Way People Respond to Natural Hazards

Last May 2009, The Middle East has its fair share of natural disasters, but the idea of disaster risk reduction is new, and often difficult to convince the government that funding the program would produce positive effects and results. Expeditious economic and urban development has also concentrated people in hazardous cities, wherein small effort has gone into boosting risk-reducing capacities. The Kingdom of Bahrain thinks that this disaster risk reduction report and program would be greatly effective if their will be adequate amount of money available for the