Akbar created the nation on the foundation that it would truly be an Indian empire rather than another alien conquest. He saw himself as an Indian ruler not a foreign autocrat, leading him to blend the variety of cultural, regional, and religious heritage. Akbar understood that for his reign to prosper he needed to command the support and participation of all Indians. He united the empire even through marriage using symbolism of religious variety within his empire with his four wives, two of whom were Hindu, one Christian, and one Muslim. Akbar further showed his devotion to unite the empire by building the Hall of worship where he invited philosophers, theologians, ascetics, mystics, Hindu sadhus, Muslim Sufis, Jesuit priests, and Iranian
“India has never been a symbol of unity of Hindu-Muslim civilization. It is not possible for the British Government to create homogeneity between Hindu and Muslim culture and civilization as the two systems are distinctively opposed to each other. There is no way other than the partition of India”
From 1450-1750 both the Mughal and Ottoman Empires established large functioning bureaucracies, with the establishment of religiously tolerant policies. Political and religious climates of the Muslim Empires in 1450-1750 were tense, however religious tolerance can be seen in the Mughal and Ottoman Empires. According to the document, the military needed the support from the government and to back up political decisions. Document 5 is taken from the perspective of a missionary who lived for years in Egypt, the Ottoman Empire and a foreign employee of the Mughal emperor. In this document he talks about his experiences through both empires and describe each empire in terms of political and religious. This document give us information about how
On the 31st of December in the year 1600, ‘The Governor and Company of Merchants of London Trading into the East Indies’ received a Royal Charter to be England’s trading representative in India. By they early part of the 17th Century, Britain had already eclipsed Portuguese interests in India. The company bought in cotton, silk, indigo, opium, saltpeter and tea mainly in exchange for silver bullion. These were valuable commodities in Britain at that time. By 1720, 15% of British imports were from India.
Many great individuals have existed throughout history, but there are also those people who were the exact opposite of “great”. Akbar the Great and Louis XIV were both significant figures in the period from 1450 to 1750. Akbar the Great of India was born on October 15, 1542, in India while his father, Humayun, was in exile and became emperor at the age of 14 after his father’s death, ruling over the Mughal Empire until his own death in 1605. Furthermore, Louis XIV of France was born on September 5, 1638, to the Hapsburg Spanish Queen Anne of Austria and Louis XIII, king of France. After his father died when he was four and a half, Louis XIV came to the throne and ruled under a mentor until he was the proper age, then continued ruling
Because of the Ottoman and Mughal Empire being tolerant of other beliefs, people of all religions living in the empire lived in peace. The Ottomans granted freedom of worship to
Islam: Empire of Faith is a pretty general documentary about a large history of Islam in such a short viewing time. Sometimes the moving picture media can have a different effect than the static reading media. I think this is a great counter to the normal textbook learning that occurs during class. While reading about the beginning Islam, I felt more of an oppression of Muhammad as he was trying to get his word of God out to the people around him. When he left Mecca it was not pleasant but it didn’t seem like he was going to die before he left. When he returned to Mecca with his followers it just seemed like he was a returning son, back with good news. When presented with the video evidence of the process, it seemed that his desire to let
There were many empires that have a distinct background, the empires such as the Mughal Empire, Ottoman Empire and Safavids Empire. The Mughal Empire is a Muslim state founded by Babur, which extended over India. They have Experienced prosperity, peace, and little outside threats under Akbar's rule. For a while it was an example of religious harmony between Muslim and Hindu religions. The Ottoman Empire grew from a small empire in 1300 to encompass most of southeastern Europe by the late 15th century. The Safavids Empire is in Iran which initially supported its cavalry by land grants. The empire was very focused on land power. Chieftains, scholars, and notables served as intermediaries between the government and the people.
Throughout time empires have risen and fallen and taken various approaches in doing so. Some of these society were warlike, while others focused on intellectual discovery. Among these various societies were great empires like the Ottoman, the Mughal, the Spanish, and the Ming. All four of these great empire ruled at overlapping times but all eventually fell for different reasons. All had strengths and weakness and can be used as a learning opportunity for an empire that came after them. From the Ming and the Ottoman you can learn strength such as religious tolerance and government structure. On the other hand, the Mughal and the Spanish teach us the dangers of over taxing and over centralizing government. In order for an empire to successfully function they must have an accepting culture, a balanced economy, and manageable size.
The decline of the Mongol Empire laid ground for the Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal empires. These three empires all had military strength, Sovereign Pride, Religious commitment, and Aesthetic sophistication in common to varying degrees. The Safavid and Ottoman empires are usually compared because of the wars that broke out between them and their similar attributes. However, this will be a comparison of the Safavid and Mughal Empires.
The Ottoman, Safavid, and Mughal societies all relied on bureaucracies that drew inspiration from the steppe traditions of Turkish and Mogol people and from the heritage of Islam, they adopted similar policies, they looked for ways to keep peace in their societies which were made up of different religious and ethnic backgrounds, and they were associated with literary and artistic talents. Military and religious factors gave rise to all three of these empires.
Since the beginning, all empires have faced change in many ways, declining and rising in status. Many empires have collapsed, only to start again under a different name. Like all empires, the three Muslim Empires, the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals have faced this inevitable state. Although each individual empire is different, they each have similarities in their reasons for decline. Whether it is social, religious, economic, or political reasons, the empires, like many others, have fallen.
The state building differed in the Ottoman Empire and the Mughal Empire by the type of religion they followed and the way they battle. The Ottoman Empire started on empire created by Turkish tribes on the Anatolian Peninsula and had a span of 600 years but came to an end in 1922. Experiences with the
This strategy consisted of conquering a new land, and then throwing the current head off of the seat of power and installing another head of state, which was usually supportive of the emperor or sultan and Muslim. This strategy proved to be useful because the people of the state would be loyal to the head, which in turn would be loyal to the ruler. Another way that the two empires were the same was the fact that they were religiously tolerant, to an extant. For example the Ottomans were tolerant to Jews and Christians, though there was a non-muslim tax, and the Mughal were extremely tolerant even creating a syncretic faith called Din-I-Ilahi, which was a combination of the Islamic and Hindu faiths, until Aurangzeb became emperor and creating a strictly Muslim India, which he tried to achieve by attempting to destroy Hinduism and persecuting Hindus, Sufi, Sikh, Jews and
This period was one of major change in Indian life and culture. While the East
What were the contribution of the Mughal emperor Akbar to the creation of an Indian national Identity? What were the greatest obstacles to his achievement in this?