Working Memory

functioning effectively to face immediate environmental changes in our everyday life. This ability is called the Working Memory. The term working memory was coined by Miller, Galanter, and Pribram in 1960 (Baddeley, 2003). It refers to the temporary storage in the brain for manipulation of necessary information to execute cognitive tasks. According to Baddeley and Hitch’s study (1974), working memory comprises three main components, a control system, the central executive and two storage systems, the

PAGES CHAPTER Working Memory 6 Le arn i ng O b j ec t i ves 1. Using Working Memory 1.1. A Computer Metaphor 1.2. Implications of the Nature of Working Memory 2. From Primary Memory to Working Memory: A Brief History 2.1. William James: Primary Memory, Secondary Memory, and Consciousness 2.2. Early Studies: The Characteristics of Short-Term Memory 2.2.1. Brevity of Duration 2.2.2. Ready Accessibility 2.3. The Atkinson-Shiffrin Model: The Relationship of Short-Term and LongTerm Memory 2.4. The Baddeley-Hitch

Working Memory Trainings and Limits of Its Transfer Working memory is the ability one has to manipulate and maintain information mentally, while ignoring other irrelevant distractions and interference in the brain. In recent years, there has been an increasing amount of interest in this field. Research in this area is in fact, still a currently active and quickly developing area. Working memory is so essential in every person’s everyday life that one would not be able to function and perform their

theory predicts that concurrent working memory; load impairs selective attention and increases distractor interference (Park, Kim, & Chun, 2007). The type of concurrent working memory load determines whether load impairs selective attention or not. Working memory load was paired with a same/different-matching task that required focusing on targets while ignoring distractors. The main focus is distractors in the two articles even when the time available to refresh memory traces is kept constant, increasing

Working Memory describes the state of memory we are actively engaged with. It performs the functions of receiving, temporarily holding and manipulating information (Baddeley, 2010). To assess memory psychologists have found it helpful to define their theories as models. Atkinson and Shiffrin ‘s 1968 Stage Model of Memory defined 3 main components of memory systems; sensory memory from perception of experience that becomes short-term memory (STM), which through rehearsal loads more permanent connections

attention control abilities, secondary memory abilities, or both work in the working memory capacity. Participants were asked to perform numerous attention control, secondary memory, working memory and fluid intelligence measures. Conformity factor analysis later suggested that attention control, secondary memory, and working memory capacity were best represented as three separate yet mutually factors. And each attention control, secondary memory, and working memory capacity are correlated with fluid

Memory, specifically working memory, is an extremely influential concept. Within the last 30 years, it has guided a great quality of empirical investigations that contribute to the understanding of developmental and adult cognition. This paper will focus specifically on developmental disorders and working memory along with contributing factors. Memory plays a fundamental role in the learning process, which is necessary for both long term and short term. For writing processes, it becomes necessary

more rapidly to conditions that placed greater demands on working memory. In all cases the bilingual advantage was greater for older participants. These two findings imply that bilingualism have beneficial effects on the executive function and working memory. Besides the excellent executive function ability and the great capability of working memory, researchers also found out that bilinguals have advantages on a particular working memory. The study of Luo et.al (2013) demonstrated that bilinguals

The Effects of Light on Working Memory An individual’s working memory can be effected by a wide variety of factors (Knez & Hygge, 2002). One such factor shown to influence elements of cognitive performance would be the amount of light an individual is exposed to through their environment (Kretschmer, Schmidt, & Griefahn, 2011). It has been found that an individual’s visual processing has an immense impact on their cognitive abilities (Kretschmer, Schmidt, & Griefahn, 2011). In fact, light is thought

The aging memory: short-term memory and recall performance differences found in age groups. 1. Introduction The following research proposal aims to continue to further the discussion and study into human memory. However, specifically more into the difference that can be found between age groups in terms of short-term memory and recall performance. Motivation to undertake in such a study can be said to expand on the existing knowledge as well as to close any gaps due to lack of insight and testing