AP World History Rachel Mahadeo
Mini-Essay Due: February 2, 2012 King Afonso I was king of Kongo during the 1520s. Qianlong was emperor of China during the Qing dynasty, during the 1790s. In the kingdom of Kongo, there were many Portuguese merchants whom had established close political and diplomatic relations with the king. These relations brought much wealth and recognition to Kongo, but it also brought problems that led to its inevitable destruction. Portuguese merchants embarked on slaving expeditions. Their tactics undermined the authority of the kings, who appealed repeatedly to the Portuguese to cease or at least to limit their trade in slaves. During the Qing dynasty, global trade brought much
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He wants there to be limited trade in slaves. In the document by Qianlong, he talks about trade between China and England. He says that the merchants should only trade at the trading post in Guangzhou. He does not want the merchants to trade from any other port, and if they do so, then these merchants shall forever be forbidden from trading there and will also be immediately thrown out. Both of these authors are similar due to the fact that they are both monarchs and they are also both writing this letter to the kings of countries in the west. Afonso I is king of Kongo, and Qianlong is the emperor of China during the Qing dynasty. They are both addressing matters that involve the west. Afonso I is writing his letter to the king of Portugal and Qianlong wrote this letter to King George III of England. They also both provided goods that were essential to those they are writing to. Afonso I of Kongo provided mainly slaves to those in Portugal, who were in much need of them. Qianlong of China provided mainly tea, silk, and porcelain to those in England, who could not go on without them. They also both wanted to put reforms on trade between their respective countries and the ones they are writing to. Afonso wanted the Portuguese to limit the number of slaves they took from the Kongo land. Qianlong wanted the English to only trade at Guangzhou, so that the merchants could overlook on what was going on and make sure that the foreign
While under the rule of the Emperor Qianlong, China’s foreign policy and trade was beginning to unfold and open up to Europe. Qianlong, however, still maintained a strict and regulated administration of all foreign trade and foreign ability to exist within China. “ It is true that Europeans, in the service of the dynasty, have been permitted to live at Peking, but they are compelled to adopt Chinese dress, they are strictly confined to their own precincts and are never permitted to return home.” All outside interactions with China could only be permitted if ‘in the
Qianlong emperor’s reaction to Macartney’s mission angered the British as well. Qianlong emperor’s over confidence was shown in the court when he met the British ambassador Macartney. He required Macartney to wear Chinese clothes and practice Chinese kowtow. “But Macartney was not going to obligate, or rather he would perform the three-times-three only if some mandarin also kowtowed before his own sovereign George III, a portrait of whom he had thoughtfully included in his baggage” (32). Even though China had a great power during that time, Macartney did not considered himself as who came from a weaker country. China did not think it needed products from foreign countries. “Chinese needed nothing and traded a little with tribute-bearing barbarians only out of affectionate
The Trans-Sahara and Silk Road trading networks from time period 3, were located in the Afro-asia region of the world, with some smaller trade routes that led to outlying european cities such as Constantinople. While both trading routes were important for the spread of religion, goods, and ideas, the Silk Road had more profound effects on the world.
6. What specific actions did Hammurabi take in his attempt to provide for the good order of society and the basic welfare of his subjects?
World History in Context, written by David Christian (2003), questions the context of world history as well as the complexity of human history and the societies with which they live. In Christian’s article he argues that looking at world history in its global context, rather than one specific moment in history, is the way it is intended to be interpreted and allows historians to recognize reoccurring patterns and themes. World history is meant to be an unbiased account of only one specific species, humans (Christian 2003, 437-438). Historians often struggle with this challenging topic and tend to produce works extremely biased, usually towards stable ‘western civilizations’ and
1. Humans first appeared on Earth during the Paleolithic Era. The evidence of burial grounds, stone tools, and other items shows a general migration path of humans out of Africa, and support the theory that these groups were nomadic hunters and foragers. Early humans were mobile and could adapt to different geographical settings from savannah to Ice Age tundra. Anthropologists infer that these bands were relatively egalitarian.
Historians have learned a great deal about the Crusades from chroniclers like William of Tyre and Ibn al-Qalanisi. Today, reporters and newscasters travel all over the world to report on international events, including conflicts. Reporters and world leaders use social media outlets like Twitter and Facebook to connect with the public. Imagine what we might know had there been access to television, cell phones, and social media in the 13th century.
d. Contact with the West increased in the 17th century, but in the early 18th century, the Qing rulers restricted trade to land outside the walls of beijing . The 1793 British mission to expand trade did not succeed, and the emperor Qianlong explained in a letter to George III that
1. The Columbian Exchange was when diseases, crops, cattle, and other aspects of life were transferred between the existing civilizations of the Western and Eastern hemispheres. This also brought new diseases to each location, killing natives as they were not immune to such illnesses due to lack of exposure. Population increased as new crops and animals increased the global food supply. Mercantilism resulted in increased colonialism due to the economic success of the Columbian Exchange.
Throughout history, economic and social changes have shaped the way the world was and influenced the world today. Two major periods of change are the Middle Ages, which lasted between the 5th and 15th century, and the Industrial Revolution in England, between 1790 and 1870. Changes and outcomes during those times have shaped the way we live today.
The Romans came up with the idea to make a government, which was called the Roman Republic because they didn’t want one person to take over and have all the power to themselves. The Roman expansion in the Mediterranean lead to civil war, but Augustus Caesar became emperor; there was a time period that was called Pax Romana, which helped create peace.
How could rational thought and technological development have affected the world’s development in the modern age and the development to where we are today?
The two historical documents, Narrative of Lavinia Bell written by an anonymous author in the Montreal Gazette and the Letter to an English Abolitionist by James Henry Hammond, shared their strong opinions on the important issue of slavery. These documents were written in the 1800’s during an era of progressive changes. One can identify similarities and many differences in their opinions, motives, and goals for their writings. I believe Bell’s account was written to show the perspective of slaves’ brutal view, compared to Hammond’s letter justifying slavery and the rights of the slaveholders.
The controversial scholarly journal of Robert S Wolff explores the history of the first trade encounters between the Portuguese in Africa and Asia, controversy lying in its separation from the Western narrative. Throughout the article, the author is trying to figure out the motives or other considerations playing a role behind the actions of Portuguese and other Europeans, such as choosing violent ways of making a profit in the lands of Africa and Asia, rather than using the existing trade networks, to emerge as the world ruler. In his view, Europeans had claimed themselves to be the “center of the world” way before they have risen to that title. European countries were looking for profitable trade in wealthy lands full of gold, consequently lack of resources and other valuable goods became a barrier to their success in the already existing channels.This is seen in da Gamma’s first encounter with the local ruler of Calicut, where his gifts were considered substandard to that of the poorest merchant, as seen by the local advisor.
European trade with China was historically restricted. In 1793, emperor Qianlong denied King George III's request for fewer trade restrictions by declaring, “Our Celestial Empire possesses all things in prolific abundance... There was therefore no need to import