World History Mongols Analysis

Genghis Khan also inherited trading as he was ruling his empire, “he took the disjointed and languorous trading towns along the Silk Route and organized them into history’s largest free trade zone.” (Weatherford:19) But more importantly, due to the hostile environment, the Mongols also created another way of getting resources from fighting and kidnapping. Temujin’s mother was originally the wife of the Merkit tribe, however, Temujin 's father kidnapped her from Merkit. Therefore, after Temujin grew up, the Merkit tribe kidnapped Borte for revenge. When Temujin decided to get his wife back from the Merkit by using his violence, he took the first step of becoming the greatest conqueror in the history. Similarly, after the rising of Mongol empire, Genghis Khan reorganized his military. He divided tribes into different armies and point his generals to lead every specific military. In this way, people are no longer fighting as tribes and obeying their patriarch; instead, they will all admit Genghis Khan is their only emperor and the only one they are fighting for. With this well-regulated military, the Mongols first conquer a piece of land, then they tax the people on that pieces of land; otherwise, these local people will be killed. After collecting all the taxes and fees from the local “government”, the Mongol Empire used this money to buy their horses and corselets. The

One way pastoral nomads lived a different lifestyle than transhumant herders was through agriculture. First, agriculture was a big part of the nomad’s lifestyle. The earliest sign of agriculture is in Southwest Asia and was their main form of survival which included planting crops and domesticating animals. Agriculture gave people a regular food supply, and eventually was able to produce surpluses of food (pg.7). Thus, surpluses of food allowed for large populations and for labor specialization. Large populations and labor specialization led to social classes which ranked from highest to lowest was: elites (kings, religious leaders), commoners (craftsmen/farmers), and slaves. As wealth and social standings grew, so did the gender gaps. Women were thought of as being the first to begin the systematic care of plants, while men began to capture animals and domesticating them (pg.7). Transhumant herders lived a much different lifestyle than those of the nomads.

The end goal of evolving an empire dominated by the Mongol’s was all Genghis Kahn strived for, ever since he was little. Khan believed that since he had a blood clot on his hand when he was born, his destiny was to become a leader (history.com) An army of 20,000 Mongolian warriors were first united by Genghis at the age of 20 (Genghis Kahn Biography). Cavalry attacks were his specialty. Intense training with horses and numerous weapons took place to gain more knowledge (history.com). Eventually skill began to evolve. Mongol’s signature strategy included having both hands free on

Genghis Khan was the leader of the Mongol forces. Originally named Temujin, he gave himself the name Genghis Khan. The Khan’s name has many different translations and one of them is “oceanic sovereign” (Jarus). He was a natural born tactician and conquered many great empires through clever, crafty, and many times cruel ways to beat the enemy. Genghis Khan died shortly before he was about to start a campaign against China and the Shin Empire. By Genghis Khan’s death, the Mongol Empire stretched from China all the way to Egypt. A short time after the Khan’s death, the Empire split into four Khanates. However, their combined size had not

I would like to address topic A, regarding the placement of subsistence strategies into four discrete categories: hunting and gathering (foraging), horticulture, pastoralism, and agriculture. While this quick categorization of human subsistence behavior has benefits to introduce these concepts, it falsely assumes that each behavior exists independently and ignores their location on a continuum, often blending from one strategy into the next. In this essay I will introduce each subsistence strategy, show examples of it and finally show ways that even among groups of people who would seem to fit the archetype of each behavior they often adopt strategies of others in a sort of mixing and matching process, especially in times of duress.

Have you ever stopped to think of 10 reasons why Agrarian civilizations may be more beneficial than foraging and compared them to your daily life? Comparing the advantages and disadvantages of both Agrarian civilizations and Foraging, can be a very great thing to know. With knowledge about Agrarian civilizations and Foraging life can be even more interesting and you can get a very different view point of what kind of life we are living. Foraging has less benefits and even bigger risks than Agrarian civilizations.

However, during periods when trade relations were cut off, the nomads had the option of simply smashing and

A) Hunter-gatherer/food forager is a lifestyle where people lived by foraging or killing wild animals and collecting fruits, eggs, nuts, roots and berries for food while farming were those that depend on agricultural practices for survival. They relied on their wits and muscles to acquire what nature provided (page 103). Food forager avoids food production simply because of the hard work it involves. They tend to have more time for play and relaxation than food producers (page 107). On the other hand city dweller/food producer/gardener works longer hours compared to most food foragers. They have deprived themselves of more and more of the land base necessary for their way of life, foraging has become more difficult. The competition for resources

Traditionally, both people were semi-agriculturalist with few exceptions. During the summer season, they practiced agricultural activities around their villages in Hazomo plains, the most cultivable arable in the region, while in winter used to traverse a long distance in search for water and grazing land for their herds of camels, goats, sheep and cattle. Unfortunately, however, they have now changed their mode of life into sedentary agriculturalism for two fundamental issues. First, they are deprived of their right to move freely as before since the area has become a frontline. Second, majority of the villagers were returned back to their original villages from the makeshift camps with empty hands as their herds died from lack of enough food

Due to the fact that many crops cannot survive nor thrive at certain high altitudes, the agriculturalists reside in the lower-altitude regions of Bod. On the contrary, the nomadic pastoralists migrate in the

Prior to Genghis Khan, the Mongols lived in the Asian steppe and were always on the move. Before the unification of the Mongols, they lived and traveled together in clans. In approximately 1200, a leader of a Mongol clan named Temujin united the Mongols together under his leadership. During the Mongol Empire, under the rule of Temujin, who accepted the title of Genghis Khan in 1206, there were things that happened that would impact the rest of Asia and the World in the future history in a positive way. For example, under the rule of the Mongols China was unified for the first time, an efficient way of travel was introduced, and a time period of what is called the Pax Mongolica happened.

The Nomads were people of a tribe who would migrate around many different places in search of new viable resources, wealth, and technology when their supply of food and land would be exploited. The nomads were the hunter-gatherers of the 7th -13th centuries and also even having their own livestock in most cases. They herded sheep, cattle, goats, horses, and many other animals. Since they move from place to place so much they do not partake in agriculture so much, or even so on a long term basis. The nomads would migrate for reasons such as to raid settled communities or avoid approaching enemy conflicts. It being their natural way of life, living off of the land and working for their own food and shelter, they were seen as savages in most eyes. The Nomadic people were made up of warriors and tribal elders of a low culture society. The tribal elders being the chairmen of the tribe/chiefs who were the key holders, sources, and transmitters of

Pastoralists are herders that herd cattle, sheep and other animals. Strayer states, “Known as herders, pastoralists, or nomads, such people emerged in Central Asia, the Arabian Peninsula… What they had in common was mobility, for they moved seasonally as they followed the changing patterns of vegetation necessary as pasture for their animals.”(39) Pastoralists moved constantly with their animals in order to feed them. When they moved, they interacted with other civilizations and traded some of their animals for other luxurious goods. Traders are people who exchange goods with other people and civilizations. Mesopotamia and Egypt traded many goods with one another, especially extravagant things. “ Both Mesopotamia and Egypt carried on long-distance trade, mostly luxury goods destined for the elite.”(85) Even though it doesn’t identify what the luxury goods are, we probably know that it was spices and commodities. They only traded goods for the upper class not for “peasants” which means that they didn’t value them as much. Anyway, when they trade it spreads different commodities, animals, crops and technologies everywhere. Travelers are adventurers, people who journey. An Egyptian traveler interprets what happened on his journey to Nubia, “ I came down with three hundred donkeys laden with incense, ebony… panther skins, elephant tusks, throw sticks, and all sorts of good products”(86) This traveler describes what he has received and it’s fascinating all the luxurious goods

Ethnic Relations include deserts with little vegetation and water, Bedouin families have lived in the traditional way for thousands of years. They roam freely and pay little attention to borders.

During the survey time more than 60% of households were fully settled and very few households remain nomadic. Similarly more than one five of the sample pastoralists believes in traditional religion and the remaining are Muslims and Christians. However, there is no statistically significant difference between purchasers and