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World War I - An Imbalance of Power Essay

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In The Guns of August Barbara Touchman presents a vivid image of the events and causes that lead to the First World War. The multitudes of motives that become evident in her book imply that none of Waltz's three images was solely responsible for the outbreak of war. However, the image that best explains the origins of World War I is the anarchy of the international system. The internal structure of individual states and the nature of men are two images that considerably contributed to the war but should be considered in the broader context of European rivalries that took place in the vacuum of interstate relations.

The premier reason for war, related to the realist image, came from the shift in the balance of power. The growing …show more content…

"Europe was a heap of swords piled as delicately as jackstraws; one could not be pulled out without moving the others" (Tuchman 18).

Another factor supporting Waltz's third image explanation of the war was the timidity of nations. The insecurity of European countries played a crucial role in prompting the World War. For fear of being encircled by enemies from all sides, Germany considered arming its military the highest priority. Only by being stronger than all the other nations could the Second Reich secure its sovereignty and respectful treatment by other states. A strong military could provide leverage in negotiations and deter potential invasions. Because the pre-war era was characterized by mulitpolarity, states in search of security formed two camps, the Triple Entente and Triple Alliance. Regrettably, the creation of this complex balance of power did not have the desired effect, as defection and non-compliance could not be prevented. In this situation, European nations primarily relied on their individual war making capabilities, further spurring the arms race. Insecurity was a result of the international system that would push Europe into war.

A further aspect explained by Waltz's realist image as cause of war was the inability to enforce interstate agreements. The lack of obligation to act upon international agreements and pacts was strongly

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