Writing Assignment : Vocal Fry

State the independent variable (IV) and the dependent variable (DV) from the case study Level C, Case 2.

1.What two factors did you investigate in your procedure, and why did you choose to compare these two factors?

3- How would you make it an experimental (rather than correlational) study (it might help to be specific here as well and define the two types of studies in your

The methodology used will be my questionnaire; this will be shown in contrast within results analysis in the form of pictorial results and statistical evidence.

Perform descriptive analysis checks for data inconsistencies and missing data. For the categorical variable of “Sex”, the answers “F” “Woman” and “Female” mean the same. Be sure to combine these together. The same for “M”, “Man” and “Male”, these answers must be combined together.

The terms vocal fry and up-talk are two ways to describe some teenagers talk now. Vocal fry means when one talks like they are choking or out of breath. This frequently happens at the end of a sentence. The definition of up-talk is when one says a sentence with a question in there or answering a question with a question.

Having watched Going Clear: Scientology And The Prison Of Belief only recently and subsequently watching Faults and Sound Of My Voice, I suppose one could say I am in the midst of an occult fixation of sorts. I may do reviews on the latter two, but the short and sweet of it for now's that Faults did a fine job despite its tonal issues and ended rather nicely while Sound Of My Voice opted to bog itself down with undeveloped scenes and lines of dialogue that existed for no reason than to raise questions despite having a lot going for it. The movie ends with one of those, and it doesn't work as well as they wanted it to because the intrigue behind the red herrings and suggested science fiction elements hadn't been properly developed. Neither were quite

3. Sample Population: Who exactly was used in the study? How many? (Be as specific as possible.)

What is the sample used in the study and what type of sampling design was used to obtain it?

What is/are the research question(s) addressed in this study and what is the purpose (5 points)?

· Vocal experience in a variety of settings including opera, musicals, choral, and classical areas.

Speech production is essentially the structures along the vocal tract that work together to modify the airstream and this can be greatly affected when someone has cancer of the Larynx. Laryngeal cancer, also known as Laryngeal Carcinoma, develops as a result of malignant cells that form in the tissues of the larynx and can be potentially life threatening. The larynx is a frequent site for cancer and accounts for 3-5% of human cancers. The larynx is critical for speech so anything that affects the larynx will disrupt the natural flow of vocal communication, especially something as extreme as Laryngeal Cancer. A person who undergoes procedures and surgeries to rid these cancerous cells can often result in a loss of speech. However, a person may have the opportunity to continue living as normally as possible with the use of Esophageal Speech. Although a person has to adapt to this new method of speaking, it allows them to still express themselves with their voice, even after surgery.

Variables: Gender was my Independent Variable and it was measured very briefly in one of the questions asking how likely is the average in male and females that smoke will develop cancer. It was a difficult to find in the HINTS dataset if there was a significant difference in lung cancer rates between males and females. My Dependent Variable was lung cancer and it seems like most respondents agreed that those who smoke regardless of the gender will have the same risk at developing lung cancer or any other type of cancer.

Contemporary music is one of the most popular genres in the world, encompassing genres such as jazz, pop, rock, R&B, folk and musical theatre. Performers in this genre are often less likely to have received formal vocal training or have knowledge of healthy vocal production methods. (Gilman et al, 2009). Given this, it is also less likely that contemporary singers (particularly younger performers) are less likely to seek medical advice should problems arise. (Gilman et al., 2009) The lack of knowledge about healthy vocal production, misuse and overuse can lead to vocal damage as seen in the media heavy cases of Adele, John Mayer and most recently, Sam Smith. If an artist wishes to sustain a career, their understanding healthy vocal production is critical to continued

Methodology has several parts namely: the subject of the study, the procedure and the statistical treatment