Year 10 Science Research Investigation
This has been developed for the unit: Chemistry
The claim: Metals are the most useful substances
Research question: How does the properties of Platinum enhance its usefulness when it comes to playing a role in pharmaceutical and surgical treatments?
Rationale:
Platinum is utilized extensively over a range of different items, from catalytic converters in our cars to the pretty rings that we wear on our fingers. It is more importantly used in many treatments that are used on our bodies in cases where we are ill or injured. Medicinal actions are undertaken every single day. The world is dependent on the treatments that the medical field supplies. The claim that metals are the most useful substances poses
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(pgm) This group consists of 6 metals that share similarities and are extremely rare. They are the densest known metals and their long length of durability means that they have a high demand in the medical industry for uses in temporary or permanent implants. They are considered as transition metals. Transition metals have valence electrons, or electrons that are used to combine with other elements, present in more than one shell. (1996-2012 Yinon Bentor.) This contributes to the factor of metallic bonding which is a major essential when analysing the physical properties of Platinum in biomedicine. The crystal lattice structure enables the mobility of the valence electrons which help in cases such as the conductivity of electricity and heat. This also helps in the areas of covalent bonds or coordination compounds. This is significant as Cisplatin, a platinum based anticancer drug, is a complex coordination …show more content…
This allows it to interact with other atoms in many ways. This is very significant when Platinum is used in anticancer drugs for chemotherapy. Cisplatin is a Platinum based drug and is one of the oldest and most successful anticancer drug in the history of chemo prescriptions. The molecule structure of DNA is very important for the interaction of Cisplatin. It is a double-helix and is held together by building blocks, scientifically known as nucleotides. Through the bases of DNA, Platinum is then able to its job. The drug reacts in a displacement reaction. The chlorine atoms that are in our bodies are displaced by the aqua ligand, a coordination compound of metal ions and water, which is the displaced by the nitrogen in the DNA. The cisplastin then is left to interact with the DNA and creates two cross-link stands. Repairing mechanisms in the body then separate the cisplastin from the DNA which then causes the damage of the unhealthy cells. (Carmen Drahl 2017) this is shown in fig
As for metal, it has many uses. In fact, modern civilization has thrived off of things where iron is used like: buildings, car frames, bridges, and much more.
1) The substrate for this procedure was hydrogen peroxide. The enzyme used (contained in the yeast) would have most likely been catalase.
Using Gravitational Force as a Measurement Tool Answer the following questions about the results of this activity. Record your answers in the boxes. Send your completed lab report to your instructor. Dont forget to save your lab report to your computer Activity 1 Record your data from Activity 1 in the boxes below. Enter the data for the sample you used in each trial (5000 rpm, 10000 rpm, etc) in the appropriate columns and the corresponding g-force, number of layers, and position of layers position results. You will need to use the following formula to assist with your laboratory report G-force 0 00001118 x radius of centrifuge arm x (rpm)2 The radius of the centrifuge arm for this instrument is 10 cm. Speed 5000 rpm 10000 rpm 15000 rpm
-The more dissolved oxygen in the water, the more fish is observed in that area of water.
One new addition to Science National Honor Society at school that I spearheaded is "This Month in Science". The central purpose of this activity is to share out different discoveries or improvements in science that interest us and spark meaningful conversation and interest in science in general. Different board members have shared innovations in biotechnology, space exploration, or even new apps that give advanced warnings for earthquakes. This has been an excellent addition to our monthly meetings since it provides an opportunity for me to speak out about things that really interest me, such as improvements in Wendelstein 7-X or the sensationalized "new bond type", a Rydberg molecule. As my favorite facet of Science National Honor Society,
Analyze results – Assume that your experiment produces results identical to those seen in Table 4, what type of graph would be appropriate for displaying the data and why?
#1. The dirt considered living because it has all the kingdoms of life in it.
Certain substances trick the body into thriving. For example, it was thought that the body rejects all foreign substances. If you get an implant of steel, or other metal, into your body, the body will coat the invasive object in collagen, and the object will slip free. Since the body cannot determine between harmful and beneficial foreign matter, months after implantation, the new appliance would slip free. However, titanium decieves the body into incorporating it naturally into its systems. It triggers no immune response, and bones will begin to grow around it, as if it was always there. Thus, titanium is used for replacement joints, and much more.
In the early 1900’s radium was “the latest miracle substance” (Hersher & Blum, 2014). Salesmen promised that it extended lifespans, increased sex drive, made women more beautiful, and had many other fantastic effects. The world was infatuated with radium and displayed this by putting it in slews of items including face cream, bread, chocolate, suppositories, toy sets for children, drinking water (as shown in figure 1), toothpaste, watch faces, and many more products. (List from scribal.com, 2007) It was used often in pharmaceuticals and described by advertisers as “nature’s way to health.” “Doctors used it to treat everything from colds to cancer.” (Hersher & Blum, 2014) However, the “magical” substance that was radium turned out to
Science is such a unique and highly captivating subject that so many young students find interesting and yet it is also a subject that the vast majority of students get discouraged by as well as lose interest in as they get older. There are so many different areas of science it is easy to be overwhelmed and get discouraged if you easily do not understand something. For this reason, I had decided I need to research a Citizens Science Project that I could bring not only bring into my future classroom but share with my students and their families as well.
h Q. ____ Q Qu. ____ Lab _____ Test _____ = ________ 1. ________________ splitting the atom to release energy? 2. _______________ small atom are pressed together with a release of energy?
This science fair project will test which antacids are most potent in neutralizing lemon juice. When an acid and a base combine the base will neutralizing the acid in a chemical reaction; this is how antacids work as well. Antacids are substances that will neutralize stomach acidity which in return relieves heartburn, indigestion, or stomach pain.
The book “The Periodic Table” by Primo Levi is undoubtedly a masterpiece. It showcases the enthusiasm, the level of dedication, and passion successful chemists such as Primo Levi himself had for the field of their expertise. The way Primo Levi has related the troublesome times and events he had to face in prospect with the elements of the periodic table is laudable. Primo Levi is surely an inspiration and a perfect example of prodigy and passion. Despite the challenges and the hardships inflicted on him by the bigoted group of Germens, he still managed to emerge as an exceptional chemist and an author who made great contributions to the modern chemistry as we now know it.
In 1965 Barnett Rosenberg made the accidental discovery of the biological use cisplatin whilst conducting an experiment on the effects of electrical current on the bacterial E.coli (Escherichia coli). When the electrical current was turned on, it was observed that the cell division was inhibited causing a decline in the density of the bacterium. However, when the electrical field was turned off, the bacterium returned to its normal density. It was later found that the inhibition of cell division was not due to the electrical current but rather the production of cis- diamminedichloroplatinum (IV) from the platinum electrodes. The trans isomer of the compound was found to be inactive at low concentrations. Other group 10 metal complexes were tested and similar results, however the most effective remained to be the platinum complex. The discovery of this lead to the interest of testing these complexes for their anticancer behaviour. So the platinum (II), cis-[PtCl2(NH3)2], complex and the platinum (IV), cis-[PtCl4(NH3)2] were tested against the Sacroma 180 tumours of Swiss white mice. The complexes showed effective anticancer activity. The large solid tumours were shrunk and the mice lived and they were healthy. The study was so successful the mice even lived another 6 months without any signs of the cancer. This study was the basis in which cisplatin entered clinical trials and have now become one of the most successful anticancer drugs in medicine.
Polymers effect every ones life almost every day allowing us to make many valuable items that can help make our lives easier including plastic, PVC, and shellac there are also natural polymers that we benefit from such as rubber and amber. Polymers are truly a great and very beneficial item to everyone for they are tough, durable, and cheap but they are also recyclable which can be very beneficial to our environment and societal needs. The only negative effect is when it is not properly disposed but this is really the users fault not the actual item its self