As a result of my experiences with higher academia, I have begun to recognize the inaccurate assumptions that I have made about the drug market from exposure to biased instruction from adults, media, and politics. From this realization, I feel confident in stating that the general public’s knowledge on this illicit economy consists of falsified stereotypes. Information provided throughout this course has presented a proper education regarding where the supply is produced, how drugs are trafficked into different countries, and who distributes illegal substances to users. The nation of Colombia thoroughly demonstrates a country involved in all of the aspects, production, trafficking and street sales, of a drug economy. Through a more comprehensive …show more content…
Correspondingly, Colombian influence on the drug market has been primarily documented as a nation involved in the production of illicit substances. Initially, a successful drug-producing nation must possess access to an abundant amount of land for cultivation. As reported by the United States, Colombian land dedicated to coca, one of the major narcotics produced there, cultivation is approximately 112,000 hectares, which is a significant increase of 39 percent from the previous year (2016 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report). Subsequently, once there is sufficient land, the nation can begin the process of manufacturing. According to the International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (2015), “potential pure cocaine production in 2013 increased 12 percent to 190 metric tons (MT), an increase of 20 MT from 2012” (136). To convey the significance of this nation’s influence, the United States Drug Enforcement Administration declared that over 90 percent of the cocaine confiscated out of the U.S. drug economy was from Colombia (2015 International Narcotics …show more content…
Unfortunately for the illicit drug market, disrupt in the supply chain does not just occur during production, but can also be intercepted during transportation. According to the International Narcotics Control Strategy Report (2015), “the U.S. Coast Guard, seized one submersible and two semi-submersible vessel for transporting drugs [from Colombia]” (138). The threat of confiscation without compensation, due to drugs being a part of an illicit economy, compels traffickers to utilize more covert and inventive methods in the movement of substances. An example of a preventative measure commonly applied by organized crime groups is a monetary bribe provided to customs officers for purposefully overlooking drug smuggling across country borders, “higher levels of income inequality are also known to provoke drug trafficking and corruption… members of marginalized groups may view corruption and involvement in criminal organizations as a viable way to improve their lives” (The Drug Problem and Organized Crime, Illicit Financial Flows, Corruption, and Terrorism 33). Comparatively to members of the illicit narcotics market, individuals a part of the criminal justice system may succumb to bribery for financial gain as a result of perceived income inequality. Consequently of globalization, an enhancement of
Drug trafficking is the worldwide illegitimate trade, which involve the cultivating, producing, distributing and the selling of materials that are subject to the drug proscription laws. There are a number of drugs which are trafficked into the United States. These include, but are not limited to heroin, marijuana and cocaine. The system of drug trafficking in the United States as well as in other countries and continents remains very complex. Although the government and non-government bodies have set important laws to exclude the practice, drug trafficking has been a disturbing problem for many years. Many people who venture into this dangerous and prohibited business do it in search for money. It has been a belief that drug trafficking gives people a
Drug trafficking, a multi-billion dollar global business, is of growing concern to almost all countries around the world. To be specific, it has been a concern to all governments, as part of their job is the protection of the citizens. With the interference of drugs, it is not helping because it leads to many diseases, crimes and the death of many people. Drug trafficking is mainly the global illicit trade involving the cultivation, manufacture, distribution and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws; and illegal drug trade which is considered a global black market.
Drug trafficking is a big global issue - drugs are manufactured and then illegally distributed all over the globe. The most common drugs being trafficked are cocaine and opiates, and they tend to originate from South America and Asia. Back in 2016, the Spanish Guardia Civil began an international investigation on a group they suspected was trafficking drugs in sailboats. The investigators were able to intercept one of these sailboats and found a false bottom that had 400kg (around 880 lbs) of cocaine hidden. Continuing the investigation, the team found that those sailboats were part of a bigger, two-part operation of drug trafficking and money laundering, which was being overseen by a Spaniard hiding in Venezuela. The first part of the operation
Drug trafficking is one of the many evils that plagues the contemporary world. It causes violence, corruption and drug addiction. Brazil, sharing borders with three of the largest producers of cocaine, is a hub for trafficking as drugs are brought into Brazil to be consumed or shipped onwards to the US, Western Europe and even Japan. The frequent drug transfers have created violence and unrest in Brazil, not to mention addiction and drug dependency.
The drug trade is a very large and complex system. There are many different organizations involved at different levels. There are groups that operate only in growing and selling the product, and only groups that buy and distribute the drugs. In this essay I will discuss the similarities and differences of two of the largest growers and sellers in the drug trade: The Cali Cartel of Columbia and the Tijuana Cartel of Mexico.
Currently, increasing frequency of incidents related to substance addictions is a worrying issue. It shows that in Colombia there is a wide availability of psychoactive substances reinforced by the inequities of social and economic factors that have precipitated the increased incidence and prevalence of drug use, predominantly in young population groups. (Silva, Simich, Strike, Brands, Giesbrecht & Khenti, 2012). It was determined that incidence of consume of any illegal drugs (marijuana, cocaine, crack cocaine or heroin) was 5.9% of population, estimated at over one million one hundred thousand men (11.4% from the consumer percentage) and nearly three hundred thousand women (1.9% from the consumer percentage). There is a steady increase in
Over the past three decades, the US has spent more than a trillion dollars to curtail drug industry operations in Latin America. During 1980s, Peru, Bolivia and Columbia used to contribute 65%, 25% and 10% toward the overall coca production globally. Since then, due to many US funded war efforts on drugs in these neighboring Andean countries, drug industry in Columbia got a tremendous boost, increasing its market share to 90% and making it the world’s largest cocaine producer ever by 2000. Between 2000 and 2010, US invested close to $7.3bn on military and economic aid to eradicate coca production and cocaine trafficking. The project
We know that drugs have been analyzed in the context of popular opinion. Now, let' us analyze its impact on literature. The history of drugs in Colombia since the 19th century has been marked by some changes in so many aspects. We talk about the development in social and political terms, but more importantly how the problem of drugs has been analyzed from a literature perspective. Francisco E. Thoumi, in his book, Political Economy and Illegal Drugs in Colombia affirms: "The processes of coca growing and cocaine manufacturing are well known and have been discussed in recent literature frequently” here, he sustains that the impact of drugs in Colombia has been analyzed most in recent literature works than in political
Drug trafficking is an international trade entailing the planting, manufacture, disbursement, as well as sale of substances that are subject to drug ban rules. It is amid the most profitable unlawful businesses, which prevails all over the globe. Currently, there are numerous illicit groups, which every year make profits from drug trade (Lacher, 2013). Fighting drugs is a contemporary issue, challenging crime management. Heroin and cocaine are the main drugs, which has had a long standing in the international scene. Heroin is produced in large scale in Afghan, while cocaine production is widespread in South America. The paper is a comparison and contrast of the Afghan heroin trade and South American cocaine trade.
Drug use and distribution is an international epidemic, and each country adapts to the introduction of drugs differently. Unfortunately, when thinking of Colombia one is automatically consumed with thoughts of a drug epidemic and horrific violence. This is because Colombia has been the host of some of the world’s most notorious and violent drug distributing organizations. The drug trade in this country is a severe problem not only on a social and economic level, but also on the health of the entire country. The rise of drug distribution in Colombia during the 1980s directly impacted the country’s economic, social, and political systems. And the rise of drug awareness worldwide during this era was directly affected by the violence in this
Drug use around the world is very common. According to Drug Trafficking, “The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime estimates that 208 million people worldwide use drugs annually on at least one occasion.” Illegal drug trafficking is an increasing issue around the world that many people are not aware of. This issue causes problems to people everywhere, whether they are involved with drugs or not.
The global policy on drugs has one main concern, as maintained in the first clause of the 1961 UN Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: promoting the health and welfare of mankind (United Nations, 1961). The convention and global drug policy actors have asserted through the years that drugs pose a threat to this concern, and so an integrated effort to reduce supply, demand and trafficking of said narcotics is the desired course of action (High Level segment Commission on Narcotic Drugs, 2009). It seems that this course of action became an end of itself instead of a mean to an end of health and welfare, as mounting evidence shows that the actions taken to achieve this have not only been ineffective in reducing supply, demand and trafficking; they have also created severe violations of human rights, alongside criminalization, a hazard to public health, and drug cartels which pose a very real threat to peace and security.
The problem of drugs is considered one of the most challenging issues for the American society. It is required from the federal government and law enforcement agencies to take effective measures in order to win in the war on drugs. However, the drug trade is one of the most profitable markets in modern world, and a wide range of stakeholders receives multiple benefits from this business. Moreover, it is a common opinion that many authoritative persons in the USA are also connected in some way with the market of illicit drugs and there is no sense for them to struggle with drug dealers as they have their share in this business. Many movies and books describe the seriousness of the drug problem in the USA. For this reason, it can be useful to analyze one movie (Super Fly) and one book (Cocaine Politics: Drugs, Armies, and the CIA in Central America) dedicated to the topic of the drug trade and discuss the major aspects of these works in order to better understand the problem of drugs and corruption in the USA.
Drug prohibition spawn black market corruption whilst damaging overall public health by exposing them to a variety of drugs. Drug market participants are forced to conduct business illegally, thus resorting to bribery and extortion of various high ranking public officials. According to (Steel, Alan, 2006), a negative spinoff from drug prohibition is the creation of an international black market ‘worth over $100 billion a year’. The black market is aided by ‘corruption of governments such as Columbia’ and Brazil(source) who are dominated by drug gangs and organised crime. However, the biggest effect the black market has on the public is that the government has no control over the purity of drugs and unregulated drugs can have dire effects. Users of low impact drugs like cannabis are forced
Drug trafficking and illicit trade have proven to be major problems that the international community face as it enters into the twenty-first century. Currently the illegal drug trade market is one of the largest sectors of the modern global economy. Because of this fact, the drug trade is deeply rooted in many nations economic and social cultures, which makes it very difficult to control. Drug trafficking also brings with it the problems of organized crime money laundering, corruption, and violence. In 1999, the United Nations Economic and Social Council warned that the international drug trade was brutal, dangerous, and ruthless for those involved with its actions, as