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Yoshimoto Gender Roles

Good Essays

The Function of Eriko in Banana Yoshimoto’s Kitchen
In Banana Yoshimoto’s novel, Kitchen, the character Eriko essentially embodies the innovation and changing values of modern industrial Japan. Eriko, a beautiful and confident transgender woman, symbolises the collapse of gender and gender boundaries that postmodern thought had introduced to Japanese society. She embraces the traditional domestic role of a woman, yet simultaneously displays the masculine characteristics of aggression and bravado, reflecting a subversion of the traditional gender binaries of pre-industrial Japan, as well as the capacity to recreate one’s own identity in postmodern society. Eriko’s characterisation is also strongly influenced by the 1980s consumer culture to …show more content…

This fluidity reflects Yoshimoto’s engagement with the postmodern, feminist focus on the individual to oppose traditional gender distinctions in society. Firstly, Yoshimoto highlights Mikage’s admiration for Eriko’s feminine beauty through the listing of her physical attributes: “Hair that rustled like silk to her shoulders; the deep sparkle of her long, narrow eyes; well-formed lips, a nose with a high, straight bridge” (Yoshimoto, 2001, p.11). The simile of ‘hair that rustled like silk’ establishes Eriko’s beauty as luxurious and delicate. Yoshimoto establishes Mikage’s awestruck tone at Eriko’s facial features through the listing of multiple positive adjectives, conveying her deep enthrallment with her beauty. In using such extended physical descriptions, Yoshimoto renders Eriko’s gender revelation more profound as when Yuichi flippantly conveys “Guess what else – she’s a man” (Yoshimoto, 2001, p.13). Yoshimoto’s use of paradox in ‘she’s a man’ reveals Eriko’s ability to transcend traditional gender binary and inhabit both genders. Indeed, Yoshimoto also emphasises Eriko’s masculine traits as “she died fighting” (Yoshimoto, 2001, p.45). Traditionally, Japanese women are viewed as passive and submissive (Mihm, 1998, p.20). However, Eriko subverts these gender boundaries, as conveyed through the culturally masculine connotations of ‘fighting’. She beats the …show more content…

Japanese society is traditionally collectivist; however, this dynamic had been challenged by industrialism and consumer culture, which elevated individual agency (Mihm, 1998, p.37-38). Mikage and Yuichi exist as individuals and clearly illustrate this cultural phenomenon: they do not seem to belong to any societal group and remain isolated during tragedy. Following Eriko’s death, Mikage and Yuichi are geographically separated and emotionally distant, relying on phone conversations. Mikage listens to Yuichi’s depressed speech, but finds it difficult to connect with his emotional needs: “Did he want to cry, did he want to laugh hysterically, did he want to have a long talk, did he want to be left alone?” (Yoshimoto, 2001, p.46) The anaphora of ‘did he want’ in the repetitive rhetorical questions suggests Mikage’s uncertainty and the emotional distance between the two. Yet the grief caused by Eriko’s death functions to ultimately unite Yuichi and Mikage. The simile in “I closed my eyes, just listening to that voice I missed so much. It was like lonely waves against the shore” (Yoshimoto, 2001, p. 90) suggests Mikage’s instinctive relief upon hearing Yuichi’s comforting, familiar voice. The ‘waves’ symbolise her and Yuichi meeting, conveying their close

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