Youth And Adult Criminal Justice System

2. Kupchik suggests that there are three ways in which a child’s introduction to the system can take place. The first being, it is the first setting in which a “child’s deficits become apparent,” which increase their risk of school failure and incarceration (94). Secondly, he insists that students who underperform, academically, are more likely not to graduate. Thus, without a basic education, these underperforming students are likely to pursue illegitimate activity/careers that lead to incarceration (94). Finally, Kupchik explains that the way a school reacts to a child’s bad behavior is important. He argues that a school’s disciplinary process does not curb a student’s future involvement with the criminal justice system, but can potentially catalyze their involvement with the criminal justice system (94).

In this paper, I will be discussing both the juvenile and the adult justice systems. There are several differences between the two systems, which may surprise you. I will be discussing many aspects within the justice systems. These include Terminology, Due Process rights, the process of Arrest to Corrections, Juvenile crime compared to Adult crime, age limits and waivers for the adult system and the different community correctional options, which are available to the offenders. The two systems share many of the same terms but not all terms are shared by both systems. In summary, the juvenile justice system and the adult justice system, vary in many ways and are alike in many ways.

Date rapes, hate crimes and theft have become an apparent concern on college campuses. The most disturbing crime on a college campus is a school shooting. Being a victim of any crime is the last thing any student or parent thinks of when choosing a college or university. The possibilities of danger on a college campus have been increasing over the years due to the reported crimes ranging from theft to murder. Because of the recent years of college campus reported shootings, both student and parent have become alarmingly concerned about

There have been many studies conducted that examine ways in which the juvenile justice system responds to female offenders. Historically juvenile female offenders have been treated under status offense jurisdiction (Zahn et al., 2010, p. 10). United States Courts would exercise the principle of “parens patriae” to place the female in detention as a form of punishment for misbehavior (Sherman, 2012, pp. 1589-1590). This principle also remains prevalent as it pertains to how the juvenile justice system currently responds to juvenile female offenders.

There is much debate over whether or not juveniles should ever be tried as adults. Juveniles are defined as children under the age of 18. In the past, juveniles have been tried in a separate juvenile court because of their age. However, trying juveniles as adults for violent crimes is a trend that is on the rise. Age is supposed to be a deterrent for placing those under 18 on trial and giving them stiffer punishments that are often reserved for adults. Many debate whether or not juveniles really should have less severe punishments or if trying some juveniles as adults will lower juvenile crime rates.

A provision in the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 banned access to Pell Grants for incarcerated adults. At the time, Pell grant usage among inmates constituted less than 1 percent of Federal Pell spending, but its removal all but eliminated postsecondary opportunities for inmates. Since that time, research has found that access to correctional education (i.e. adult education, postsecondary courses, and workforce training) correlates with significantly reduced chances of recidivism, increased employment prospects, and greater public safety. Under the Obama Administration the Department initiated a pilot program reinstating some incarcerated individuals’ access to Pell Grants to pursue higher education. Do you have an opinion on whether providing postsecondary for prisoners helps reduce recidivism, increase employment, and

Other models include more intensive measures involving campus drug courts and the involvement of administrators, local police, and the judicial system. Dutmers delves into the legality of this issue and provides a new viewpoint by explaining that prevention programs should implement campus drug courts, instead of focusing prevention solely on educational methods. As this idea is new and innovative, most research is based off the success within state mandated drug courts. Nonetheless, campuses will too reap the benefits that result from these establishments, which includes a decrease in repeat offenders. Dutmers notes that, “only 27.5% of offenders recidivated” (203). This direct correlation can be taken a step further because if people are not

Vivian Nixon’s article “During and After Incarceration, Education Changes Lives” argues higher education should be made available to current and formerly imprisoned individuals. Her main point is that, “Lawmakers should remove the obstacles that prevent convicted individuals from earning degrees during and after their sentences” (Nixon). Throughout the article, she discusses the value of education and how it reduces recidivism. While appealing to legislators who implement the law, the article is relevant to all readers.

College has always been used as a means to an end, with that end being their American Dream. Through college, they would gain knowledge that could help them achieve that dream. Over the recent years, with the economic troubles, people have shifted from the idea of

he juvenile justice system has to deal with juveniles committing violations against civil and criminal law in their community. When compare to the adult criminal justice system, they are more harsher to the offenders than the juvenile justice system. I believe the juvenile justice systems should be more like the adult criminal justice system to a certain extent. It all depends what kind of crime was committed and if the juvenile had the intention of committing the crime. Of course if it's not a serious crime, I think parens patriae could be great for juveniles in need of support. There has been many philosophical differences about juvenile offending, and the one many people fall on is the status they are living in. Whether they come from an

The transfer of juveniles to the adult has become more prevalent (Kupchik, 2003). Transfers are due to a number of reasons. The differing age boundary among states also is partially at fault for the increase of juveniles being transferred to the adult criminal justice system (Fagan, 2008). The juvenile justice system is not always effective in handling juvenile offenders that commit serious violent crimes. Some offenders are transferred over the adult criminal justice system to serve justice when there is no hope for rehabilitation or when they think a juvenile offender would be better suited in the criminal justice system. The transfer of juvenile offenders to the adult criminal justice system is also used as a sort of deterrence method. The

“There is a growing interest in the effects that a formal criminal label may have on the legitimate opportunities (i.e., education, jobs,

It is common knowledge that the juvenile justice system and the regular adult justice system have differing regulations. Juveniles have different trial proceedings and rights than adult offenders because juveniles are minors and are still considered their parent 's or the state’s responsibility. Minors are not seen as able to make important decisions regarding anything, like medical care, so it is logical that they are treated differently from the adults in the criminal justice system, from arrest to punishment. Mrs. Ceressa Haney, who is a Senior Probation and Pretrial Officer in Leon County says that working with juveniles isn’t all that different than working with the adults. Looking from the outside, it seems like being a probation officer would be one of the hardest positions when dealing with any criminal, from juvenile to adult, because they are likely to give you a difficult time.

This law was passed to give colleges a safety report after the murder of Jeanne Clery who was a 19-year old Lehigh University College freshman who was murdered in her dormitory. The reports have all shown that most of the criminal based activities within the campus were from students without and trace of a criminal history. These reports show that in fact most colleges are safe and there are rare occurrences of violent crimes, which this act was targeted towards. According to the U.S. Department of Education (2001), the overall rate of criminal homicide at colleges and universities was .07 per 100,000 students compared to a rate of 14.1 per 100,000 young adults in society-at-large. Violent crimes are not only very minuscule and cannot simply be blamed on those with a criminal history. If the issue at aim is to ask those applicants if they have a criminal history is to make the college safer, this tactic simply proves itself to be ineffective because criminal history is not related to their criminal activity on

Before exploring the process of constructing campus crime as a social issue, Sloan III and Fisher (2011) found it necessary to report on the history of campus crime in American universities as the majority of the public assumes that campus crime is a relatively new phenomenon when in fact, campus crimes has been a prominent (yet not very visible) issue since the founding of the