Spring 2010 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA ACADEMIC CENTER OF EXCELLENCE ON YOUTH VIOLENCE PREVENTION, UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, RIVERSIDE
Fact Sheet
YOUTH SUICIDE by Michiko Otsuki, Tia Kim, and Paul Peterson
Introduction Youth suicide is a major public health problem in the United States today. Each year in the U.S., thousands of teenagers commit suicide. Suicide is the third leading cause of death for 15-24 year olds, and the fifth leading cause of death for 5-14 year olds. (American Foundation of Suicide Prevention [AFSP], 2010; National Center for Health Statistics [NCHS],2006) The reduction of adolescent suicide is one of the major objectives of the Healthy People 2010 Initiative (Department of Health and Human Services, 2010). Scope
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The home is the most common location for firearm suicides by youth (Brent et al., 1993). 2
Maladaptive coping skills Maladaptive coping skills and poor interpersonal skills limit adolescents’ ability to problem solve, thereby increasing the likelihood that suicide will be considered the only solution (McBride & Siegel, 1997). Early youth substance use also increases the risk of suicidal behaviors (Swahn, Bossarte, Ashby, & Meyers, 2009; Cho et al., 2007; Swahn et al., 2008; Swahn & Bossarte, 2007). Stressful life events Adolescents who attempt or complete suicide experience multiple negative life events (Reinhertz et al., 1995). The events may have occurred in childhood, such as physical and/or sexual abuse, neglect, separation and previous suicide attempts (King, O’Mara, Hayward, & Cunningham, 2009). These stressors often overwhelm the coping skills of the adolescent because of his/her inexperience with such life situations (Wagner, Cole, & Schwarzman, 1995). Other life events are also associated with suicide risk: interpersonal losses (e.g., breaking up with a boyfriend/girlfriend), legal or disciplinary problems (e.g., getting into trouble at schools or with a law enforcement agency), and
Teens who experienced traumatic events in their childhood are more likely to commit suicide. According to The Mayo Clinic ( 2017), studies show that teens who are victims of divorce, rape, or abuse are at a higher risk of attempting suicide. However, teens with mental health issues are most likely to commit suicide. Depression is the leading cause in health issues among teens. Deriving from home life, alcohol and drug use, friendships, school, and other attributes.
According to Fowler, Crosby, Parks, and Ivey (2013), suicide and nonfatal suicidal ideations are significant public health concerns for adolescents and young adults. While the onset of suicidal behaviors is observed as young as six years of age, rates of death and nonfatal injury resulting from suicidal behavior are moderately low until 15 years of age (Fowler et al., 2013). According to Fowler et al (2013), the most current available statistics in the United States (U. S.) reported suicide as the third leading cause of death among youth aged 10-14 and 15-19 years, and it was the second leading cause of death among persons aged 20-24 years.
Suicide is a devastating, preventable tragedy and is among the top causes of death in the adolescent population. Compelling statistics given since 2009 show the number of
According to the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), 2015, suicide is the second leading cause of death in the adolescent population in this country and the number of occurrences continues to rise at a dramatic rate. For every teen that completes a suicide, 100 make an attempt, making suicide a paramount public health issue that needs to be addressed. Statistics show that since 2009, the rates of attempted and completed suicide, in this age group continue to steadily increase (Centers for Disease Control [CDC], 2015; Taliaferro, Oberstar, & Wagman-Borowsky, 2012).
Teens are not used in handling a lot of stress. These stresses can potentially influence some teens to commit suicide if they are not able to overcome these stresses. There are a lot of stress that can occur in teenagers. Most common stresses teens experience come from school and the family. This applies more to teens who are being pushed by their parents to have good grades in school. They are under pressure and they feel like they have to meet their family's high expectations. They could also be forced to choose a career that they do not want to take. Some teens also come from poor families and they are under the pressure of being successful in order for them to support their family financially. Some of them are afraid of disappointing their families and it can be an additional cause of suicide among teenagers. These teens feel like the only way out and solution to their problem is
First reason some teenagers commit suicide is mental illness. Teenagers with mental health problems are at higher risk of commit suicide. Types of mental illness teenagers’ face is depression. Teenager can be depress because he or she not doing well in school. Another depression is a teenager loses their job and that was their only income. Also, if a teenager living on their own and cannot afford rent or bills. Teenagers going through major life changes are at risk with mental illness. Examples of major changes are parent’s divorces, moving to a different city or state, or parent separation. Mental illness is an important factor of teenage
Teen suicide is one of the largest problems facing America at the moment, and it will only become worse if the country does not come up with a solution. “According to the American Psychiatric Association, suicide is the third leading cause of death for young people between eleven and eighteen years of age (Teen Suicide).” American families can not keep losing sons and daughters to this entirely preventable epidemic. The largest issue with teen suicide is that Americans are using largely outdated and/or ineffective strategies in dealing with teen suicide, and Americans need to realize that this problem will not just go away. Using the old methods, such as telling teens to toughen up, are clearly not working and in some cases are contributing to the problem. Teen suicide is alarmingly on the rise and “According to the CDC, 5,504 people ages 10 to 24 died by suicide in 2014, the most recent year in which statistics are available. The figure was up from the grim 2013 tally of 5,264, and the number has risen every year and up 13 percent from 2010 (Corbin).” There are several causes for teen suicide that range from depression to concussions, and for each cause there are several proposed solutions to suicide or its causes, but many of the solutions will cause more problems instead of solving current ones, Americans need to utilize effective suicide prevention strategies and ignore the useless and outdated ones.
Seifert, Kathryn, Robert Schmidt, and Karen Ray. Youth Violence : Theory, Prevention, And Intervention. New York: Springer Publishing Company, 2012. eBook Collection (EBSCOhost). Web. 05 Dec. 2015.
Teenagers all around the world are having millions of suicidal thought running through their minds. Even if they have a happy childhood when they grow up and become adolescents, they can become suicidal.(Berman , 2006). There are several different factors that contribute to make a teenager think suicide is the only solution. Depression, bullying, lack of parent's attention are just some of many causes that lead to a teenager's suicide. In the United States suicide is the third cause of death in teenagers between 15-24 years old (Gould, 2004). Studies have shown that having a gun in the house is a big contributor to suicide. Many other causes can involve psychological issues like depression, a bipolar
Suicide is the third leading cause of death among young people in the United States. Each year 20% of adolescents think of committing suicide, and between 5% and 8% attempt suicide. (J. McWhirter, B. McWhirter , E. McWhirter, R. McWhirter, 2007.p.255). Therefore, it is important to have programs that prevent adolescent suicidal behavior. (McWhirter, 2007. p.256). In recent years, nearly 5,000 persons’ death certificates showed that they were at the ages between 15 and 24. Suicide attempts affect more girls than boys, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (McWhirter, et al., 2007.p.256). Additionally, in 2006, “11.5% of girls and nearly 5.5% of boys” try to commit suicide in the previous 12 months (McWhirter et al., 2007. p. 256). This number grows dramatically among distressed adolescents and even more dramatically for juvenile offenders (McWhirter et al., 2007. p. 256). Every year, nearly 150,000 youth between the ages of 10 and 24 are treated for self-inflicted injuries (McWhirter et al., 2007. p.256). In every secondary school classroom, it is common that
Environmental factors that increase the risk for suicide often occur due to a stressful life event. Other causes include access to lethal means, neglect, including firearms and drugs, prolonged stress factors (harassment, bullying, relationship problems, and unemployment), and exposure to another person’s
Social factors such as sexual abuse, alcohol or drug use, and even the idea of suicidal contagion, can affect the suicide rates in youth (Amitai, & Apter, 2012). According to a report from Child Trends, an environmental factor that plays a main role in the rates of youth suicide is the accessibility to lethal methods, especially guns (Child Trend Databank, 2016). The report also mentions that youth who experienced traumas in life, who have poor communication with their parents, and who have been exposed to suicidal behaviors are more likely to commit suicide (2016). In addition to these factors, mental illness also plays a role in suicide among youth between the ages of 15 and 19. When a young person has a mood disorder such as anxiety, depression, or bipolar disorder, they are much more likely to attempt suicide. Approximately, 90 percent of youth who do attempt suicide has a mood disorder (Healthy Children,
Those pressured to excel maybe come overwhelmed by what is expected of them and can fall into using drugs and alcohol as a form of escape and may feel the only way out is that of suicide. On the other hand those teens without direction and lack of interest on the part of their parent 's, may also turn to drugs and alcohol as a means of escape. They may contemplate and even attempt suicide as a way of either drawing attention to themselves or to just end their lives because no cares about them anyway. Dr. William Beardslee of Boston, working with children and teens exhibiting depression and suicidal tendencies feels these disorders are likely based on a complex interplay of biological/genetic forces and developmental transactions between teens, family members and the outside world. Some teens manage to survive and even flourish under the most difficult circumstances, while others flounder under the same conditions. Beardslee 's research led him to several core factors in how well a teen or child will do in overcoming ongoing adversity. Primary among them were the ability to form strong relationships, an action-oriented outlook and a keen and cohesive sense of identity.
Everyday, teenagers have a routine. They usually get up, go to school, and come home. Each of these activities are filled with many complex issues, stress related problems, and pressure. These issues can lead to depression. Every 1 teenager out of 5 will develop a type of depression (Jones 1). “Adolescent depression is a disease that affects the psyche in a way that the person affected with it will act and react abnormally toward others and themselves” (Blackman 2). About 19 million Americans are diagnosed with some sort of depression. 9 million of them are adolescents (Jones 1). Suicide is affiliated with depression greatly. 15% of all adolescents who are diagnosed with depression commit suicide (Jones 1). “Since 1995, suicide is
Can you remember all the thoughts as an adolescent when you were dealing with puberty, school, and peer pressure? It’s harder than it seems because during that stage, adolescents deal with an endless amount of stress from hormonal changes and trying to be “cool” or fit in with the crowd. The buildup of psychological, environmental, and social factors can lead to mental illnesses, which may cause suicidal distress in countless adolescents. Currently, suicide is the third-leading cause of death for young people between the ages of 15 to 24 (Gould 6). But no matter what age group or circumstance, suicide is a growing health concern that needs whole-hearted attention and preventative matters.