Zinc: High Demand Metals

It is a long process to extract Iron to get it from an ore to its final product. In the beginning stages, an iron ore is heated along with limestone and pure carbon in a furnace that reaches temperatures ranging up to 1,500°C (2,700°F); this process helps remove oxygen from iron ore. The limestone is used to erase imperfectirons.

The ore is then heated with silicon dioxide, calcium carbonate and air in a furnace. The copper (II) ions in the ore are converted to copper (I) sulphide, while the iron in the ore is transferred into iron (II) silicate slag (Due to the calcium carbonate), furthermore, a majority of the sulphur turns into sulphur dioxide gas. The equation used in the above steps is as follows:

To extract copper from the ores, which is a group of minerals, from which a valuable material can be pulled out for economic benefits, workers in the Chuquicamata mine mainly use two metallurgy processes: Smelting and Electrolysis. First and foremost, the ores are heated with carbon as the matter of fact that copper is a reactive element. For the smelting process, smelters use blast furnaces in the mine. Copper matte, which is a mixture of copper, iron and sulfur that is enriched in copper, is the product of this process. Subsequently, the impure copper is purified by electrolysis in which the cathode is pure copper, the anode is impure copper, and the electrolyte is a copper sulfate solution. To be more specific, pure copper, which is purified

Aluminium is mined on the surface of the crust. The extraction is done by electrolysis. Aluminium oxide has a high melting point at over 2 000°C, as a result it is expensive to melt it, so, it is dissolved in molten cryolite.

Extraction: The extraction process of elements is continuously evolving. While new technology is released and more of copper’s properties are discovered and applied, the extraction processes are only becoming quicker, simpler, more efficient and more beneficial to both humanity and the environment. Copper is sometimes found in uncombined elemental

To meet the growing demand for copper in Australia, mining is necessary but there is still a huge supply of recycled copper, as it plays a vital part in the conservation of the supply of chalcopyrite ore, which reduces energy consumption, decreases waste disposal, and conserves the environment. It is estimated that such recycling supplies 50% of copper used in the Australian copper industry. In 2010, it was reported that 770,000 metric tons of copper were recycled, at an estimated value of nearly six billion Australian dollars. First, the copper has to be reduced to a reusable form through baling. This form differs depending on the use of the copper. When the copper has gone through a process reducing it to a reusable form for industry, the final process is to transport the recycled copper to a smelter where it goes through melting, and is eventually smoothed into flat sheets for new industry

Old iron smelting places used something called bloomeries. These odd furnaces looked like beehives with an opening in the side and top. They filled these bloomeries with charcoal and iron ore. They would then pump air into the bloomeries using bellows. They'd then take the blooms of iron and strike them on an anvil over and over.They would continue to do it until the impurities were gone. This finished product was called wrought Iron. (Blacksmithing History 1. (n.d.).)

Some more information i found is that one process developed in canada, and is capable of recovering 99% of the zinc in the ore uses pressures in excess of 10 atmosphere and temperature of Ca 420K, The presence of iron in the ore concentrate is important in the method it is part responsible for the conversion of zinc sulfide to zinc sulfate. The picture below goes with the second piece of information i found.

Some important things made from metals include cars, bridges, appliances, power generation, infrastructure, and obviously many more. Everything electrical needs copper, (which is mined), to function. A major concern for the mine is that it will pollute and destroy the nearby natural

Iron can be used for a wide range of resources in the contemporary world. It is the most abundant, least expensive, and most used of all metals. It is vital to human and animal life, and humans use it in a variety of devices to make life convenient. It is combined with other elements to make steel or other compounds for many commercial uses, the most common of which include making fuels, lubricants, automobiles, machine tools, hulls of large ships, building parts, machine parts, cooking pots and pans, cutlery, surgical equipment, and aircraft. Iron (III) “is used in the treatment of sewage, as a dye for cloth, as a coloring agent for paint, an additive in animal feed, and in the manufacture of printed

Zinc is very helpful to the environment in many ways. It helps save energy. By prolonging the life and durability of steel, zinc helps save vast amounts of energy that would otherwise be required to frequently replace corroded steel structures and manufactured goods. Zinc is completely recyclable without any loss of its physical or chemical properties. Eighty percent of all the zinc used it recycled sooner or later. Much of the zinc produced in the past is still in use, which will be good for future generations to come.

Being a water soluble, colourless and odourless chemical compound, zinc chloride is found useful in various industrial application like paper and cement manufacture. However, when working with zinc chloride, one has to be very careful as any contact with skin can cause irritation and that area must be washed thoroughly with soap. Also, it can be harmful if it goes in the eyes and, you must wash and rinse your eyes immediately. It might also be prudent to visit an eye specialist and get medication if required.

Bessemer Process- Cool air is blown on hot iron to burn off impurities and produce more durable steel and cheaper

Simplifying the schematics, a battery is comprised of at least one galvanic cell, which contains two or more half cells, a reduction cell and an oxidation cell. The electrode and electrolyte solution are contained in the half cells, and the chemical reactions in the two half cells provide the energy for the galvanic cell operations (Chieh). The two electrodes, or battery terminals, produce electricity through a series of electromagnetic reactions between the anode, cathode, and electrolyte (Marshall, Charles, & Clint, 2000). Two or more electrically charged atoms/molecules, known as ions, from the electrolyte bond with the anode (negative terminal) in the oxidation reaction. This produces a compound, where one or more electrons are then released. Simultaneously, the cathode substance (positive terminal), ions, and free electrons also combine into compounds during the reduction reaction with the cathode. Basically, the cathode or positive terminal of the battery is absorbing the electrons produced from the anode or negative terminal, creating electricity. Therefore, electrons flow from anode to cathode (AUS-e-TUTE, 2017), and electrical energy is

Copper, also known as red metal, is one of the basic chemical elements. It was the first metal used by Neolithic humankind to supplement for stone tools dating back more than 10,000 years. Copper comes from copper ore which is dug from the earth and is melted and shaped into desired shape. Hydrothermal, heated water deep in earth’s crust seeps through cracks and fissures and dissolves certain minerals in the rocks, is the process that form copper. The mineral are carried along in hot water solution then reacts with chlorine or fluorine and precipitate. There are two types of copper mining. Surface, an open-pit surface mining or strip mining. Subsurface, shaft mine and slope mine. After ore is dug out, it is processed through smelting. The reddish-orange metal is a ductile metal, a property of a material that permits it to be