factors affecting the development of a child

Breastfeeding is the single most effective nutritional strategy for protecting infants against infections and diseases. Three mechanisms have been proposed by which human milk constituents protect the infant from infection. Two are based on the immunologic constituents of human milk and the third is its high nutrient value. (National Academy Press, 1992) In LDCs the health of many children are significantly impaired, sometimes permanently, by the lack of nutrition they received during the breastfeeding phase. Breastfeeding requires a mother to have a specific diet. In the industrialized countries of the

As a child is developing in the womb, its development can be affected at this time, for instance if the mother smokes or uses drugs or excessive

There are several factors with can be identified as having a negative effect on the development of children and young people, including maternal deprivation, crime and deviance and poverty for the purpose of this essay I have chosen to focus on young people aged twelve to nineteen and for this reason I have chosen to focus upon crime and deviance and poverty as these factors have arguably the greatest impact on young people within the chosen age group.

Human infants, at the time which they are born, are incredibly dependent creatures. Extensive measures must be taken to ensure that they are given the adequate nutrients they need in order to grow into a health, fully-functioning adult. The means in which infants receive these nutrients is most commonly through breastfeeding. The intimate relationship between mother and child that exists in the womb is maintained after birth through the act of breastfeeding. The choice of a mother to breastfeed her child has numerous, serious implications – for both herself and her offspring. The physiological consequences that breastfeeding has on mother and child are undeniable. Breastfeeding directly affects the physical development of an infant

If you switch on your television, you will definitely be bombarded with a wide variety of formula milk advertisements.These advertisements boasted their products that they can provide the best nutrition to babies and help babies develop a good health and a wholesome brain.However,with just a few click on your computer, you will find a treasure :breastmilk, which is more nutritious and beneficial to babies’ development.Yet,most of the mothers still choose to feed their babies with formula milk.Breastfeeding should be a mandatory feeding method in infancy in that breastfeeding is of enormous benefit to children health development, mothers’ body recovery and it helps build a bonding between mother and babies.

Children need the benefits that come from breast milk. Mothers should be encouraged to breastfeed their child before they risk further damages concerning their well-being. Breastfeeding has become a huge part of development in a child’s life in creating a longer life expectancy. “One large study by the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences showed that children who are breastfed have a 20 percent lower risk of dying between the ages of 28 days and 1 year than children who weren't breastfed, with longer breastfeeding associated with lower risk” (Babycenter). With the child's life at risk, it has become critical for a mother to breastfeed her child. It is very imperative that a child receives the care and nutrients it needs to survive. Higher levels of nutrients through breast milk have given the child the ability to survive

Some mothers are not giving their infants the appropriate amount of nutrition that is required for growth and development. Without the proper nutrition a baby can have inadequate brain growth, cognitive deficits, and poorer-school performance. It is important that all mothers mix infant formulas correctly; this will prevent their babies from having health problems. Unfortunately, some mothers are over-diluting and over concentrating infant formulas. As a result, some babies are suffering from kidney damage, or weight loss. One way to ensure that a babies are getting the proper nutrition is by breastfeeding. It is recommended by the World Health Organization that mothers breastfeed their babies for at least six months. However, a mothers can

“Nutritional status is the balance between nutrient intake and nutrient requirements” (Jarvis, 2012). “Optimal nutritional status is achieved when sufficient nutrients are consumed to support [the] body’s needs and any increased metabolic demands caused by growth, pregnancy, or illness” (Jarvis, 2012). Newborns require intense nutritional and metabolic needs as they increase 50% in their length in the first year of life and double it by 4 years of age (Jarvis, 2012). Breast milk provides “specific nutrition” that meets the infant’s nutritional needs and there has been “indisputable evidence” from research that demonstrates the health benefits of breastfeeding infants including a “lower incidence [of diseases] such as otitis media, atopic

For a long time it was said that only “ignorant” and “lower-class” women nursed their babies.” (Behrmann), but with recent research it has been discovered that “800,000… children under 5 years old whose lives could be saved every year if they were optimally [fed].(US). This puts a different spin on things for many people ,and combined with the fact that “experts believe breast milk is the best nutritional choice for infants”(breastfeeding) says that formula does not provide the nutrients that is necessary for development. One of the most common deficiencies is iron. Many formula fed children are lacking this and”there should be a direct correlation between infant size and human milk ingestion”.(Baker) This makes it important that babies are getting the necessary amounts of essential nutrients and shows that when science tries to improve childbirth it just causes

The importance of nutrition of a newborn or a growing infant draw many strong opinions from friends and family, overall the decision should be left up the mother. Breast milk is the ideal method to feed a growing child, which provides the necessary nutrients as vitamins, proteins, fats, as well as antibodies that helps the baby fight off bacteria and viruses. There are benefits that come from breastfeeding that would a child won’t receive from formula mixtures besides been more soluble for the baby to easily take in. The purpose of this proposal is to examine how beneficial is breastfeeding in a growing child when mothers make the decision to stray from the norm of short period breastfeeding of 3 months to a year.

The first six months of an infant’s life is so important in many ways such as development, attachment, and most importantly nutritional needs. Rapid growth is occurring during these months and proper nutrition is crucial in order to support the growth and neurological development changes (Marotz, 2012). If an infant is not properly nourished they will be under the average rate for weight and height, have slower growth rate, have fewer brain cells and less intellectual capabilities. During the first 5-6 months, infants are fed solely breast milk or formula, which both are made up of rich fat substances and meet the needed calorie intake of 650 calories per quart (Marotz, 2012). During the early months after birth, the infant should consume

Any infant enters the world completely relying on their mother, whether it’s to provide security, comfort, or their first meal. Breastfeeding, although pretty self-explanatory, is the act of a woman feeding a baby with milk from her breast. It is recommended that a baby be breastfed for the first time within an hour of their birth and exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life (Belsky, 2012). However, there is a stigma attached to breastfeeding in some areas of the world, especially the United States, so a common alternative is formula. There are many benefits not only the infant can gain from being breastfed, but also benefits the mother can obtain from providing this nutrition for her child. This paper will discuss

As reported by Lefmann and Combs-Orme (2014), children who live in poverty suffer from various disadvantages such as chronic diseases, behavioral and emotional issues, malnutrition, educational achievement, and the most critical issue they face is prenatal stress. Prenatal stress is described as the exposure of the mother to high levels of stress while pregnant. The stress that the mother experiences while pregnancy doesn’t only affect her, but also the baby. Moreover, Lefmann and Combs-Orme noted that prenatal stress disturbs the fetus’ brain development, and social well-being because the stress hormones from the mother stimulates the placenta to also produce stress hormones, which as a result would affect the fetus. In case of severe stress early delivery can occur. Nevertheless, multiple factors could cause prenatal stress, like “food insecurity, substandard housing, violence, and other environmental factors associated with poverty” (Lefmann & Combs-Orme, 2014). Based on what Lefmann and Combs-Orme stated, poor population goes through a lot of stressful events such as crime, and these events leave a greater impact on poor people’s lives comparing with wealthy or middle-class people. Also, poor individuals have less opportunities in many aspects of life, like housing, or jobs. As a result, this could lead to stress (Lefmann & Combs-Orme, 2014).

How a child is reared is critical towards shaping them as a person for the rest of their life. This starts at a very early age, in fact, even while still in development in the womb. Even though people may not have memories of their infancy, how the parents or guardians raise the baby has a significant effect on that child’s entire life. The main biological purpose of childhood is growth. Growth is achieved through hormones and these are able to function from energy gained from food and its nutrients. In the beginning stages of life a human is not able to consume any foods besides that of it’s mother’s breast milk, or imitation thereof. This is because it does not have the teeth to chew or bite solid foods, as well as the inability to digest certain foods. Therefore the baby relies on the mother’s milk, as it’s sole source of nutrition and calories until it is able to consume more sophisticated foods. This is not to say however that the mother’s milk is an unrefined substance. In fact it has been found

Human development involves a series of complex stages which bring about pivotal changes in a child’s cognitive and physical development. Ozretich and Bowman suggest other periods of rapid growth through middle childhood and adolescence such as moral development, self-concept, psychological and emotional traits, relationships to adults including parents, and peer relationships (2008). Undoubtedly, these dramatic psychosocial changes, when integrated with other biological fluctuations, impact children in a tremendously significant manner. For instance, puberty begins approximately between the ages of eight and eleven: this is considered to be the middle childhood periods. Girls appear to experience the most changes since this is when menstruation manifests itself and propagates different and more varied hormonal changes within the female anatomy. However, psychosocially, both sexes may experience “logical thinking with limited ability to extend logic to abstract concepts; disdain for imaginative and illogical thinking of early childhood” (Ozretich & Bowman, 2008). Social development is an additional component of a child’s growth and includes self-worth based on material assets, academic skills and athletic abilities. This may also be considered the “egocentric” stage of moral human development which involves the development of a “conscience”, morals and values which are assimilated through interaction with parents, peers, as well as, other adults, such as teachers,