Define Illuviation.
Answer – Illuviation refers to the accumulation of minerals and other soil material in a lower layer of soil due to percolation from an upper layer. Explanation:
Soil has many distinct layers, or horizons, which vary based on composition as follows:
1. O horizon – The surface layer made up of decomposing organic matter, or humus
2. A horizon, or topsoil – The dark colored layer composed of humus and inorganic products of weathering
3. E horizon – The light colored, fine layer that contains mostly sand and silt due to heavy leaching of organic matter, chemicals, and clay
4. B horizon, or subsoil – The layer rich in clay and mineral deposits but poor in organic matter
5. C horizon – The cracked parent bedrock layer with trace amounts of organic matter
6. R horizon – The bottommost layer comprising unweathered bedrock
© VectorMine / Adobe Stock Over extended periods of time, humus, clay, iron, and other minerals are leached from the A and E horizons, causing their build up in the B horizon. This loss of organic and inorganic material through leaching/percolation is called eluviation, while their accumulation through the same means is known as illuviation. The A and E horizons are thus the zones of eluviation, while the B horizon (or subsoil) is the zone of illuviation.
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