. Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

Q: (b) Describe the role of invariant chain, CLIP, HLA-DM in the antigen presentation process.

A: MHC Class II molecules are a class of large molecules of histocompatibility complex (MHC) usually…

Q: Summarize the advantage of using a monoclonal antibodyfor diagnosis or treatment, versus using…

A: Antibodies are an important part of the defense mechanism of the body. They help in fighting…

Q: Explain the difference between clonal deletion and clonal selection;a natural killer cell and a…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: Contrast type II and type III hypersensitivities with respect to typeof antigen, antibody, and…

A: The undesirable reactions produced by the body's immune system which includes allergy and…

Q: Distinguish between immediate and delayed hypersensitivity. What drugs are used to treat immediate…

A: Hypersensitivity reactions tend to occur when the normal immune system that provides protection to…

Q: Describe how a person may become sensitized toRh-positive blood.

A: Blood is the fluid connective tissue derived from the mesoderm. It is slightly alkaline with a pH of…

Q: Describe the characteristics of the types of hypersensitivity disorders.?

A: The immune system is complex networking, which includes cells and proteins that defend the organism…

Q: Serum sickness does begin immediately upon the production of anti-BSA antibodies. How does the…

A: Introduction : A hypersensitive reaction is characterised by an immune response to an antigen that…

Q: Describe the reason as to why inducing plasma cells to secrete IgG instead of IgE prevents type |…

A: A biological system called the immune system is in charge of identifying and eliminating foreign…

Q: Indentify the four major categories of hypersensitivity or overreactions to antigen.

A: Immunopathology is the condition of disease brought on by immune system failure. Life-threatening…

Q: Describe the role of IgM in immunity

A: IgM is one of the class of antibodies and consists of five four chain structures. It is the largest…

Q: Contrast the major targets of antibody-mediated responses

A: Humans a well-developed immune system to fight infections. The immunity possessed by humans can be…

Q: Describe the eff ects of stress on immunity.

A: immunity is the ability to fight diseases caused by different factors like microorganisms and…

Q: Describe some ways in which cytotoxic T cells destroytarget cells.

A: Answer- There are many different types of the T- lymphocytes. One of them is Cytotoxic T cells. They…

Q: Describe and give one example of the following: Hypersensitivity Type IV

A: Hypersensitivity  is exaggerated immune response. It is a response by host-tissue towards the…

Q: List the different autoimmune disorders Describe the factors influencing the development of…

A: Immune system problems result in abnormally low or excessive immune system activity. When the immune…

Q: B. Complete the table below by supplying the types of antibody and T-cell. Types of Antibody Types…

A: When pathogens invade our body by breaching the chemical and mechanical barrier, then they face…

Q: Explain the relationship between a hypersensitivityreaction and an immune response.

A: Hypersensitivity : These are overreactions of the immune system to an antigen which would not…

Q: Describe how the antibodies created from the immunizations render and antigen harmless

A: Antigen-It is foreign particle which enter in body and harmful for body.eg pathogens,bacteria etc.…

Q: Describe how an immediate-reactionhypersensitivity (allergy) response may occur.

A: Hypersensitivity reaction(HR) It occurs when the normally protective immune system responds…

Q: Compare and contrast atopic allergy and type IV (delayed)hypersensitivity as to mechanism, symptoms,…

A: Atopy is a chronic allergy that is characterized by the immediate beginning of manifestations. Type…

Q: Compare and contrast hypersensitivity and autoimmunity. Where appropriate, discuss the genetic and…

A: Innate and adaptive immune responses are characteristics of the immune system. The immune system's…

Q: escribe the example of type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

A: Type IV, commonly referred to as delayed reaction hypersensitivity, is a T-cell-mediated…

Q: List two potentially life-threatening consequences of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction and explain…

A: The immune system is critical for maintaining human health and defending the body from microbial…

Q: Explain the following concepts in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable; a.…

A: An immune response is a series of reactions, that takes place within an organism for the protection…

Q: Poison oak and poison ivy, which involve a CD8 cell response, are examples of what type of…

A: Any undesirable reactions that is produced by the usual immune system is known as the…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: allergic asthma is an example of type 1 hypersensitivity, what are the major characteristics of this…

A: Allergic asthma is asthma which trigger by same substance which triggers allergy. Type 1…

Q: Describe the mechanisms of fever and its role in nonspecific immunity.

A: Answer: Fever : It is the temporary inclination of the body temperature. Generally a normal body…

Q: Explain the difference between anti-A/anti-B antibodies and anti-Rh antibodies in terms of their…

A: Transfusions of blood in people were unsafe techniques until the disclosure of the significant human…

Q: Define allergy/hypersensitivity and explain what accounts for thereactions that occur in these…

A: The immune system consists of organs and processes of the body that provides resistance to infection…

Q: . Describe the four types of hypersensitivity reaction as to: A. Antibody involved B. Complement…

A: Four types of hypersensitivity are given below :  Type I: reaction mediated by IgE antibodies. Type…

Q: Explain the cross-presentation of exogenous antigen.

A: EXOGENOUS ANTIGEN- Antigens that enter the body from the outside, such as bacteria, fungi,…

Q: Give examples and short description of the four types of hypersensitivity

A: Hypersensitivity is a condition when the immune system of the body responds hyperactively to the…

Q: Describe the events in sensitization and provocation.

A: Hypersensitivity is an inappropriate immunological response of the immune system that is harmful to…

Q: Compare and contrast type I and type IV hypersensitivity as to mechanism, symptoms, eliciting…

A: An allergy is the response of the immune system to any foreign substance. This immune response is…

Q: An individual wit a mutation in their RAG gene in their B cells would still be able to produce which…

A: Introduction:- Type 1 hypersensitivity reaction is immediate immune response. Type 2 is antibody…

Q: Describe the immune response involved in blood type incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, and tissue…

A: Incompatibility of blood types: When people including one blood type obtain blood from someone with…

Q: Discuss the difference between the primary response and the secondary response to antigen exposure.

A: The immune system's ability to recognise and respond to previously encountered antigens is referred…

Q: Define hypersensitivity. List three types of hypersensitivity reactions. For each, note whether…

A: The immune system is responsible for the defence of the body against pathogens.

Q: Explain and describe about the antibody significance

A: Structure and function of antibodies: Antibodies are immune system-related proteins called…

Q: Explain the requirements for developing a type II hypersensitivity.

A: The immune system of the body has several mechanisms to protect the body against pathogens or…

Q: Describe one example of a type IV delayed hypersensitivity reaction.

A: Hypersensitivity is an exaggerated response of the immune system against any antigen or pathogen.…

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.