Explain the relationship between a hypersensitivityreaction and an immune response.

Q: Describe four or five ways that antibodies function in immunity

A: Immunity is the capability of multicellular organisms to resists harmful microorganisms from…

Q: Describe how stress affects immune responses.

A: Stress is any emotional or mental tension, strain or pressure that may arise because of any of the…

Q: Describe the function of B Cells in Humoral (Antibody-Mediated) Immune Response.

A: Immunity is defined as a complex biological mechanism that can recognize and accept what belongs to…

Q: Explain how cytotoxic T cells kill target cells.

A: APCs stands for antigen-presenting cells. They are a large group of a variety of cells that trigger…

Q: Explain the difference between clonal deletion and clonal selection;a natural killer cell and a…

A: Immunity is the capability of the body to fight against foreign attack and maintain the persistence…

Q: . Diagram the sequences of events in immediate hypersensitivity

A: Immediate hypersensitivity is also termed type I hypersensitivity. It is a type of allergic reaction…

Q: Define immunological tolerance, and explain mechanisms that may be responsible for T and B…

A: The lymphocyte is the type of white blood cell present in the vertebrate immune system. Lymphocytes…

Q: Contrast active and passive immunity.

A: Acquired immunity which is also known as adaptive or specific immunity, supplements the protection…

Q: Describe how antibodies interact with their corresponding antigens.

A: Antibodies are proteins that bind to the body's foreign invaders and signal the immune system to get…

Q: describe the actions of antibodies against diseaseagents;

A: A huge, Y-shaped protein utilized by the immune system to recognize and nullify foreign substances,…

Q: Indentify the four major categories of hypersensitivity or overreactions to antigen.

A: Immunopathology is the condition of disease brought on by immune system failure. Life-threatening…

Q: Describe life-span changes in immunity.

A: The ability of the body to withstand any diseased condition post resisting any harmful microbes is…

Q: Contrast the major targets of antibody-mediated responses

A: Humans a well-developed immune system to fight infections. The immunity possessed by humans can be…

Q: Compare and contrast humoral and cellular immunity

A: The immune system captures antigen and evokes a response against them. The response can be humoral…

Q: Give an example for each: natural and artificial active immunityand natural and artificial passive…

A: Immunity is the ability of an organism to fight against disease causing agents. Immunology is the…

Q: Define the following terms briefly ? Immunity: Immune System:

A: The most prominent feature of the immune system is the feature of possessing memory. Memory is a…

Q: Define the below statement ? "Active immunity due to immunizations"

A: Vaccination is the way toward giving an antibody to an individual to secure them against infection.…

Q: List the chemical characteristics and actions of antibodies.

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: Explain the relationship between antigens and immunity.

A: Introduction  Immunity: it is the capability of our body to fight against the diseases. This is done…

Q: B. Complete the table below by supplying the types of antibody and T-cell. Types of Antibody Types…

A: When pathogens invade our body by breaching the chemical and mechanical barrier, then they face…

Q: explan the activation of specific immunity

A: Specific immunity is an adaptive or acquired immunity which involves white blood cells activation (B…

Q: Explain the differences between active artificial immunityand passive natural immunity.

A: The immune system is the body's natural defence against pathogens such as bacteria, viruses, and…

Q: Outline the overall phases in a specific immune response.

A: The immune system has a vital role in protecting the body from outside pathogens (bacteria,viruses,…

Q: List and explain examples of immune disorders and allergies, and discuss the effects of stress on…

A: There are several immune disorder out of which auto immune diseases is the common. In autoimmune…

Q: Explain the following concept in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable A.…

A: An immune response is a reaction that occurs within an organism for the purpose of defending against…

Q: Describe the role of IgM in immunity.

A: Natural immunoglobulin M is a pentameric, polyreactive antibody produced by the b1 B cells. This…

Q: Define acquired immunity.

A: Introduction :- Immunity in biology refers to an organism's capacity to fend off harmful microbes.…

Q: Explain a comparison of good immunogens and poor immunogens.

A: A foreign substance that invades the body and activates the immune system to release antibodies…

Q: List two potentially life-threatening consequences of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction and explain…

A: The immune system is critical for maintaining human health and defending the body from microbial…

Q: Explain the following concepts in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable; a.…

A: An immune response is a series of reactions, that takes place within an organism for the protection…

Q: Describe the function of both T and B memory cells in the immune response. What type of immunity do…

A: Immunity is the defence  system of the body against pathogens and foreign chemicals . It can be…

Q: give an example of an endogenous and exogenous antigen?

A: Exogenous vs. Endogenous antigen:This refers to Where the microbial ANTIGENS are made... inside or…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: Describe immunity providing at least 4 examples of clients who may have low levels of Immunitg

A: Introduction: An individual is said to have a lack of immunity or be immunocompromised when their…

Q: Explain the difference between anti-A/anti-B antibodies and anti-Rh antibodies in terms of their…

A: Transfusions of blood in people were unsafe techniques until the disclosure of the significant human…

Q: Illustrate the B-cell maturation process in response to antigen triggering

A: B cell  also known as B lymphocytes are type of immune cells that belongs to the subtype of B…

Q: Explain the actions of antibodies in protective immune reactions.

A: Immune system provides immunity or protection against foreign substances by involving specific…

Q: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare itto an epitope recognized by a TCR.

A: Given: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare it to an epitope recognized by a…

Q: Compare and contrast type I and type IV hypersensitivity as to mechanism, symptoms, eliciting…

A: An allergy is the response of the immune system to any foreign substance. This immune response is…

Q: Discuss antibody production

A: Antibody, also known as immunoglobulin, is a protective protein produced by the immune system in…

Q: Explain the following concepts in human physiology and cite clinical instances, where applicable;…

A: An immune response is a series of reactions that takes place within an organism for the protection…

Q: Explain the causes and effects of immunodeficiency

A: Immunodeficiency diseases are caused by a defect in one or more components of innate or adaptive…

Q: Define hypersensitivity. List three types of hypersensitivity reactions. For each, note whether…

A: The immune system is responsible for the defence of the body against pathogens.

Immunology

Immunology is the division of science involved with the immune reactions occurring in living organisms. The organisms are accustomed to evolving internal defense mechanisms to evade the invasion of microbial pathogens. Diverse cells are connected with stimulating the immune responses, which produce inhospitable conditions to the microbes prompting their lysis and thus inhibits the multiplication of the pathogens. The immune system can distinguish the pathogens through the aid of cellular intercommunication and launch responses to destroy them.