describe the actions of antibodies against diseaseagents;

Q: Describe the five major classes of antibodies, and explain their structure and functions?

A: Antibodies or immunoglobulins are large, Y-shaped protein molecules used by immune system for…

Q: Contrast type II and type III hypersensitivities with respect to typeof antigen, antibody, and…

A: The undesirable reactions produced by the body's immune system which includes allergy and…

Q: Identify how antigen-antibody reactions are detected and quantifi ed.

A: Antigen-antibody reaction is a chemical interaction between antibodies produced by B cells of the…

Q: Define polyclonal antibodies.

A: Antibodies are Y shaped soluble glycoproteins that are produced in response to the antigens by…

Q: explain the mechanisms of immunoglobulin proteins.

A: Immunoglobulin is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans,…

Q: Describe three circumstances that might cause antibodies to developagainst self tissues.

A: The immune system in the body act as a defense system. It fights against disease and infection. The…

Q: Explain all immunities.

A: The immune response defends against bacteria, viruses, and substances that appear foreign and…

Q: Describe passive immunity and give examples of how it may occur naturally and how it may be…

A: Immunity is the type of defense system present within the body from the time of birth that protects…

Q: Explain the consequences of antibody binding of antigen

A: Immunity refers to the body's defense mechanism against the antigen. Antigen refers to the foreign…

Q: Distinguish between an antigen and an allergen.

A: Immunity can be defined as the ability of an organism to fight against infections caused by a…

Q: Explain what occurs in immune complex diseases and giveexamples.

A: Immune complexes also known as antigen-antibody complex which are the aggregates of antigen and…

Q: There are five major classes of antibodies. Complete the three below.

A: An antibody, also known as an immunoglobulin, is a large, Y-shaped protein used by the immune system…

Q: Identify the intrinsic and extrinsic properties of an immunogen.

A: Immune system protects the body against infection. It is a complex network of cells and proteins.…

Q: List the chemical characteristics and actions of antibodies.

A: The immune system is responsible for protecting the body from foreign pathogens. Immune system fight…

Q: Describe the processing and presentation of an intracellular antigen.

A: Antigen processing and presentation is an immunological process through which the antigen-presenting…

Q: Describe the structure and function of antibodies.

A: Antibodies are Glycoproteins also known as immunoglobulin. An antibody is Y shaped and produced by B…

Q: Explain the relationship between a hypersensitivityreaction and an immune response.

A: Hypersensitivity : These are overreactions of the immune system to an antigen which would not…

Q: Define the Classes of Human Antibodies ?

A: Antibodies are used as a defense against various pathogens. Antibodies are used to prevent and cure…

Q: How is the bivalence of antibodies significant for a precipitationreaction, and under what…

A: Antibodies are the Y-shaped molecules that are responsible for binding to the foreign particles and…

Q: How are monoclonal antibodies categorised

A: Antibodies produced ordinarily by infection or immunization are polyclonal because natural antigens…

Q: What is the significance of the level of IgM antibodies in clinical diagnosis?

A: In our body,  immunoglobulin is the antibody that has the power to protect us from any pathogen as a…

Q: Differentiate among antibody classes using structuralcharacteristics, distribution patterns, and…

A: Introduction  Antibodies are also known as Immunoglobulins as they resemble globulin which usually…

Q: Which white blood cells authorizes the production of antibodies?

A: White blood cells are used as a defense cell by our body.  Types of wbc are neutrophils.…

Q: Describe how antibodies are formed in T-independent antigens

A: Antigens are divided into two types named thymus-dependent antigens that require direct contact with…

Q: Describe the attachment of antibodies to antigens. What eventuallyhappens to the antigens?

A: Antibody, likewise called immunoglobulin, a protective protein produced by the immune system in…

Q: Define an autoimmune disease, and explain howthe causative mechanism differs from a normaldefense.

A: Autoimmunity is defined as the inability of the body to distinguish between self and non-self. This…

Q: Some General Features Of Antigen-antibody Interaction?

A: Antigens are substances that cause the immune system to create antibodies against them. An antibody,…

Q: How do antibodies work toneutralize antigens?

A: Antibodies, also known as immunoglobulins are Y-shaped globular proteins secreted by the plasma…

Q: give an example of an endogenous and exogenous antigen?

A: Exogenous vs. Endogenous antigen:This refers to Where the microbial ANTIGENS are made... inside or…

Q: Determine the features of antibodies that make them particularly suited for forming complexes with…

A: The human body has about 37 trillion cells in total, although a significant portion of them are…

Q: Explain the difference between anti-A/anti-B antibodies and anti-Rh antibodies in terms of their…

A: Transfusions of blood in people were unsafe techniques until the disclosure of the significant human…

Q: Define immunoglobulin (IG)

A: Immunoglobulin or IG are chiefly known as antibodies are large Y shaped protein  . These are…

Q: Explain how the secondary response to an antigen isfaster and greater than the primary response.

A: Immune response is a function of a human body which work as a body gaurd or a protector to the body.…

Q: Explain the cross-presentation of exogenous antigen.

A: EXOGENOUS ANTIGEN- Antigens that enter the body from the outside, such as bacteria, fungi,…

Q: Explain the difference between an epitope and an antigen.

A: Introduction  Immunity is the capability of our body to fight against the diseases. This is done by…

Q: The presence of IgM antibodies indicate what type of infection? Acute or Chronic? Explain

A: IgM antibodies are membrane bound immunoglobulin.

Q: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare itto an epitope recognized by a TCR.

A: Given: Describe an epitope recognized by an antibody, and compare it to an epitope recognized by a…

Q: Explain the mechanisms of antibody action and correlate mechanisms with effector functions.

A: Immunology is a branch of science that deals with the aspects of immune reactions, antibody…

Q: Define the term: antibody

A: The defense system in our body is known as the immune system, it helps our body to fight against the…

Q: Describe in detail the information on what a Monoclonal Antibodies is

A: One way the immune system of the body attacks foreign agents is by producing large number of the…

Q: List the functions of the antigen-binding site and Fc region of antibodies, and briefly describe how…

A: Antigens are molecules that can elicit an immunological response. Each antigen includes unique…

Q: Describe the immune response involved in blood type incompatibility, Rh incompatibility, and tissue…

A: Incompatibility of blood types: When people including one blood type obtain blood from someone with…

Q: Discuss the difference between the primary response and the secondary response to antigen exposure.

A: The immune system's ability to recognise and respond to previously encountered antigens is referred…

Q: Explain the characteristics of antigens, the property of antigenicity,and epitopes.

A: The immune system is a complex cell and protein network that protects the body from infection. The…

Q: Antibodies designed to interact with a specific antigensite are (monoclonal, polyclonal).

A: Antibodies are Y-shaped proteins. These are also known as immunoglobulins.  Antibodies identify the…

Q: Define hypersensitivity. List three types of hypersensitivity reactions. For each, note whether…

A: The immune system is responsible for the defence of the body against pathogens.

Immune Disorders

The collaboration between the cells and proteins that work together as a defense system against infection comprises the immune system.Each of them performs a variety of tasks to recognize and/or react against a foreign body.