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- A plane wall, 7.5 cm thick, generates heat internally at the rate of 105 W/m3. One side of the wall is insulated, and the other side is exposed to an environment at 90C. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the wall and the environment is 500 W/m2 K. If the thermal conductivity of the wall is 12 W/m K, calculate the maximum temperature in the wall.Two volumes of air are separated by a thin rectangular heater (0.2 cm x 15 cm x 2 cm). The volumetric heat generation associated with the heater is 350 kW/m3. What is the temperature of the heater at steady state?The air in the bottom chamber is at (TB= 20 °C, hB= 15 W/m2.K) while the air in the top chamber is at (TT= 55 °C, hT= 9 W/m2K). hint: for such thin application, we shall assume the same surface temperature on both sides of the heater.You, a process design engineer, are tasked to build a powerplant with a net output of 1 MW. First, in an industrial boiler, coal is burned to heat and pressurize 1.6 kg/s of water pumped from an underground reservoir (25 oC, 1 atm) to High Pressure Steam (44 atm, 450 oC). The industrial boiler is insulated, but due to the high temperatures and the nature of the process there are inevitably heat losses. As such, the total heat losses of the whole system is around 20% of the heat from the coal. The High-Pressure Steam, moving at a linear velocity of 70 m/s, is then used to drive a turbine. The low pressure steam from the turbine is used to preheat the boiling water and then released to the atmosphere as saturated steam (100oC and1atm) at a velocity of 10 m/s via an exhaust 10 m above the turbine inlet. How much heat is needed for the powerplant? Use the following values of enthalpy: Water from reservoir 25oC; 1atm H=104.93 kJ/kg High Pressure Steam 450oC; 44atm H=3324.63 kJ/kg Low…
- A creamy must cool 20,000 liters of milk received each day from initial temperature of 32℃ to a final temperature of 1℃ in 6 hours. If refrigeration losses amount 12 percent of the cooling load, what must be the capacity of the refrigerating machine? Note: Specific heat of milk if 3.9 kJ/kg-K and S.G. = 1.05.Heat is being generated in a fuel element at a volumetric heat generation rate of q′′′ = 1300 kW/m3. The fuel element is a rectangular parallelepiped of thickness 2 cm with a height of 2 m and width of 1 m. The fuel thermal conductivity is k = 3.5 W/m·C. Find the rate of heat transfer from the fuel element at steady state condition. [Ans.: 52 kW].1.1 Determine the electrical power supplied to a boiler when the temperature of the enteringwater is 20 C and the exiting temperature is 89 C. The flow of.the pressured water is 2 Kg/s. There is anegligible pressure drop through this boiler and it operates at a constant pressure of 3 bars. The specificheat is c = 4,370 J/(Kg K). There is a 1.5(105) W rate of heat loss from the boiler during this process to asurrounding at 293.2 k. Consider steady state conditions.1.2 Calculate the total rate of entropy production in Problem 1.1.1.3 Calculate the total rate of exergy destruction (W) in Problem 1.1. The dead statetemperature is 293.2 K and pressure is 1 bar.1.4 Calculate the mass flowrate of fuel (natural gas, CH4) required to heat the water flow to theconditions of problem 1.1 if the electrical heating device is replaced with a gas fired boiler. The highheating value (HHV) of the fuel is 50.02 MJ/kg.1.5 Calculate the exergy destroyed in the process described by problem 1.4. The exergy…
- 1.1 Determine the electrical power supplied to a boiler when the temperature of the enteringwater is 20 C and the exiting temperature is 89 C. The flow of.the pressured water is 2 Kg/s. There is anegligible pressure drop through this boiler and it operates at a constant pressure of 3 bars. The specificheat is c = 4,370 J/(Kg K). There is a 1.5(105) W rate of heat loss from the boiler during this process to asurrounding at 293.2 k. Consider steady state conditions.1.2 Calculate the total rate of entropy production in Problem 1.1.1.3 Calculate the total rate of exergy destruction (W) in Problem 1.1. The dead statetemperature is 293.2 K and pressure is 1 bar.1.4 Calculate the mass flowrate of fuel (natural gas, CH4) required to heat the water flow to theconditions of problem 1.1 if the electrical heating device is replaced with a gas fired boiler. The highheating value (HHV) of the fuel is 50.02 MJ/kg.1.5 Calculate the exergy destroyed in the process described by problem 1.4. The exergy…The ceiling of a 6 m² area of a cold storage (h = 27 W / m² ° C) where the air temperature is kept at -40 ° C, from inside to outside; 1.7 mm stainless steel (kç = 14.2W / mK), 10 cm insulating foam (ky = 0.034W / mK), 5 cm cork (km = 0.043W / m ° C) and 127 mm wood (kt = 0.45W / mK) ) layers. Since the outside temperature (h = 5 W / m² ° C) is 32 ° C, a. Heat loss per hour from ceiling, b. Find the outer surface temperature of the ceiling.Find the two-dimensional temperature distribution T(r,z) under steady state condition. Where, To=20 oC, TL=8200 oC. The density, conductivity and specific heat of the material are ρ =800 kg/m3, k=200 W/m.K, and cp=2500 J/kg.K, respectively. Also, r1=820 cm and L=1640 cm.
- Find the two-dimensional temperature distribution T(x,y) and midplane temperature T(B/2,W/2) under steady state condition. The density, conductivity and specific heat of the material are ρ =1200 kg/m 3, k=400 W/m.K, and cp=2500 J/kg.K, respectively. A uniform heat flux q =1000 W/m 2 is applied to the upper surface. The right and left surfaces are also kept at 0oC. Bottom surface is insulated.Find the two-dimensional temperature distribution T(x,y) and midplane temperature T(B/2,W/2) under steady state condition. The density, conductivity and specific heat of the material are p=(1200*32)kg/mº, k=400 W/m.K, and cp=2500 J/kg.K, respectively. A uniform heat flux 9" =1000 W/m² is applied to the upper surface. The right and left surfaces are also kept at 0°C. Bottom surface is insulated. 9" (W/m) T=0°C T=0°C W=(10*32)cm B=(30*32)cmFind the rate of heat transfer if the cylinder in a stainless steel rod.k = 15 W/m·K (8.7 Btu/h·ft·F), L = 1 m (3.3 ft), Th = 200 C (392 F), Tc= 100 C(212 F), A = 5 cm2 (0.8 in2).