08. 8. All of the following conditions would have same effect on muscles (flaccidparalysis) as muscular dysgeny with a single exception. What is the exception?A. Exposure to botulinum toxin, which blocks release of ACh at the NMJ.B. Poisoning with atropine, an antagonist of muscarinic receptorsC. Poisoning with curare, an antagonist of nicotinic receptorsD. Myasthenia gravis, an autoimmune disease in which the nicotinicreceptors areattacked by the immune system and cannotfunction normally.

Muscle is a specialized tissue derived from mesodermal origin. It contributes about 50percent of the…

Answered: 08. | bartleby

Fundamentals of Sectional Anatomy: An Imaging Approach

2nd Edition

ISBN:9781133960867

Author:Denise L. Lazo

Publisher:Denise L. Lazo

Chapter4: Neck

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4) How are the muscle spindles stretched during the patellar reflex? a) Striking the tendon with a mallet b) The patient is supine and the gastrocnemius is stretched c) Via deep tissue massage techniques d) The patient is supine and the hamstring is stretched e) With a mechanical stretching device in the lab
1. What are an afferent neuron and efferent neuron? What are efferent components of the facial nerve and their actions? 2. Under certain circumstances, axons in the peripheral nervous system can regenerate after sustaining damage. Why is axonal regeneration in the central nervous system much less likely? 3. At a healthy myoneural junction, acetylcholine is responsible for stimulating muscle activity. What mechanisms are in place to prevent the continuous stimulation of a muscle fiber after the neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic membrane?
2. As lactic acid and other substances accumulate in an active muscle, they stimulate pain receptors, and the muscle may feel sore. How might the application of heat or substances that dilate blood vessels help relieve such soreness? HINT Think of what is carried to and away from muscles by blood.
4) You set up an experiment using an isolated mouse muscle-nerve preparation.a. Draw the force traces (used to measure the force of contraction using a force transducer) you wouldexpect to get if you stimulated the nerve at 3 different lengths: 1) slack, 2) the normal length of the musclein the body, and 3) stretched past a length the muscle could ever experience in a mouse. If the force tracesare different explain why. (Hint: refer back to the length-tension relationship)b. Draw the nerve signals you would record from a Group Ia muscle spindle afferent at each of those 3lengths. If the 3 conditions are different explain why. (Hint: refer back to the function of the musclespindle
4. A motor neuron, plus the muscle fibers to which it attaches, constitutes a functional unit called a _____. A. motor unit B. myograph C. syncytium D. treppe
Skeletal muscles are controlled by _________ a. sympathetic neurons b. parasympathetic neurons c. somatic nerves d. both a and b
Every skeletal muscle fiber is supplied by a motor neuron at the NMJ. Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/skelmuscfiber) to learn more about what happens at the neuromuscular junction. (a) What is the definition of a motor unit? (b) What is the structural and functional difference between a large motor unit and a small motor unit? Can you give an example of each? (c) Why is the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degraded after binding to its receptor?
__________from a motor neuron excites a muscle fiber. a. ACh b. GABA c. calcium d. phosphate
1. During skeletal muscle contraction, what event directly precedes the release of actin by myosin? a. ATP binding b. ATP hydrolysis c. Power stroke d. Release of ADP e. Release of Pi 2. What is the trigger for CICR in skeletal muscle cells? a. Acetylcholine binding b. Activation of nicotinic receptors c. Ca++ entering the cells via VOC channels d. Ca++ release by the sarcoplasmic reticulum e. Movement of troponin out of the groove of actin For questions 12-14, please choose the best answer from the following list. Each answer may be used once, more than once or not at all. Each question has only one best answer. a. Muscle spindle apparatus b. Sarcolemma c. Sarcoplasmic reticulum d. Terminal cisternae e. T-Tubules 3. Primary site of intracellular Ca++ release 4. Maintain optimal overlap of actin and myosin in a resting skeletal muscle cell 5. Aids membrane depolarization along the entire length of the muscle fiber 6. Ion movement responsible for depolarization of the sarcolemma a.…
The discharge from Golgi tendon organs initiated by excessive stretch ofa skeletal muscle produces :-a- inhibition of α -motor neurons of antagonistic musclesb- inhibition of γ-motor neurons of antagonistic musclesc- inhibition of α -motor neurons of the same muscled- stimulation of γ-motor neurons of the same muscle
1. Why is atropine used minimally in the management of diseases? 2. Why are direct acting cholinomimetics NOT used in the management of myasthenia gravis?
3. A condition known as Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva is a rare and genetic disease where the muscles of an individual turn into bones – hence giving it a name “stone man syndrome”. What do you think will happen to the physiology of an individual if all of the muscles present in his chest calcified? Explain your answer comprehensively

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