1) In deciding whether to feed, a foraging individual must balance its potential energy gains against the risk of being eaten.
2) The type of mimicry in which many unpalatable or venomous species share a similar color pattern is called __________.
3) A predator's __________ is the relationship between the per-capita rate of prey consumption and prey density.
4) Predator-prey systems frequently exhibit an oscillation pattern, such as when predator numbers increase following an increase in numbers of prey, with the predator numbers then crashing when prey numbers are depleted.
5) According to the optimal foraging theory, which of the following is NOT one of the factors that influence the likelihood of a predator's selecting a prey type?
Question 5 options:
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search time required to find alternative prey types |
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profitability of the prey type |
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probability of their own predation |
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6) Which of the following examples of a defensive mutualism is FALSE?
Question 6 options:
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Cleaner fish remove parasites from large fish and sea turtles at cleaning stations on coral reefs. |
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Fungi living inside plant tissue secrete alkaloids that are toxic to mammals. |
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Ants living in the thorns of acacia trees will attack herbivores. |
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Barnacles attached to whales are not at risk of being killed by predators. |
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The oxpecker bird eats parasitic ticks off large mammals such as the rhinoceros. |
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7) When an antigen enters the bloodstream, it triggers ____________________
8) Commensalism is a relationship between two species in which ____________________
Question 8 options:
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one species benefits without significantly affecting the other |
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one species benefits while the other species is harmed |
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9) Avian malaria, carried by introduced _____________, has eliminated most native Hawaiian birds below 1,000 m.
10) Which of the following statements about the response of hosts to parasitic infections is FALSE?
Question 10 options:
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Grooming by mammals and birds is a defense against parasites. |
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If a parasitic infection occurs, the body often responds with an inflammatory defense, releasing histamines. |
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Some forms of defense against parasites are behavioral, such as deer avoiding deerflies by seeking dense, shaded areas. |
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An antibody response is the first line of defense when a parasitic infection occurs. |
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Plants cut off contact between fungal parasites and healthy tissue by forming cysts or scabs. |
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