* 1 point 22. When an inflated balloon experiences a decrease in size, the air pressure inside the balloon remains nearly constant. If there is no transfer of energy by heat to or from the balloon, what physical change takes place in the balloon? The average potential energy of the gas particles increases, so the balloon becomes hotter. The average potential energy of the gas particles decreases, so the balloon becomes colder. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles increases, so the balloon becomes hotter. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles decreases, so the balloon becomes colder. 1 point 23. Some amount of energy is transferred by heat into a system. The net work done by the system is 50J, while the increase in its internal energy is 30J. What is the amount of net heat? -80J -20J 80J 20J

* 1 point 22. When an inflated balloon experiences a decrease in size, the air pressure inside the balloon remains nearly constant. If there is no transfer of energy by heat to or from the balloon, what physical change takes place in the balloon? The average potential energy of the gas particles increases, so the balloon becomes hotter. The average potential energy of the gas particles decreases, so the balloon becomes colder. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles increases, so the balloon becomes hotter. The average kinetic energy of the gas particles decreases, so the balloon becomes colder. 1 point 23. Some amount of energy is transferred by heat into a system. The net work done by the system is 50J, while the increase in its internal energy is 30J. What is the amount of net heat? -80J -20J 80J 20J

Physics for Scientists and Engineers

10th Edition

ISBN:9781337553278

Author:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Publisher:Raymond A. Serway, John W. Jewett

Chapter21: Heat Engines, Entropy, And The Second Law Of Thermodynamics

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 45AP

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(a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80107J of energy when burned. To illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00 L of crude oil, it the water has its temperature raised from 20.0C to 100C, it boils, and the resulting steam is raised to 300C. (b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water.
Assume you are measuring the specific heat of a sample of originally hot metal by using a calorimeter containing water. Because your calorimeter is not perfectly insulating, energy can transfer by heat between the contents of the calorimeter and the room. To obtain the most accurate result for the specific heat of the metal, you should use water with which initial temperature? (a) slightly lower than room temperature (b) the same as room temperature (c) slightly higher than room temperature (d) whatever you like because the initial temperature makes no difference
(a) A woman climbing the Washington Monument metabolizes 6.00102kJ of food energy. If her efficiency is 18.0%, how much heat transfer occurs to the environment to keep her temperature constant? (b) Discuss the amount of heat transfer found in (a). Is it consistent with the fact that you quickly warm up when exercising?
The temperature of a rapidly expanding gas decreases. Explain why in terms of the first law of thermodynamics. (Hint: Consider whether the gas does work and whether heat transfer occurs rapidly into the gas through conduction.)
In cold climates, including the northern United States, a house can be built with very large windows facing south to take advantage of solar heating. Sunlight shining in during the daytime is absorbed by the floor, interior walls, and objects in the room, raising their temperature to 38.0C. If the house is well insulated, you may model it as losing energy by heat steadily at the rate 6 000 W on a day in April when the average exterior temperature is 4C and when the conventional heating system is not used at all. During the period between 5:00 p.m. and 7:00 a.m., the temperature of the house drops and a sufficiently large "thermal mass" is required to keep it from dropping too far. The thermal mass can be a large quantity of stone (with specific heat 850 J/kg C) in the floor and the interior walls exposed to sunlight. What mass of stone is required if the temperature is not to drop below 18.0C overnight?
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You and your younger brother are designing an air rifle that will shoot a lead pellet with mass m = 1.10 g and cross-sectional area A = 0.030 0 cm3. The rifle works by allowing high-pressure air to expand, propelling the pellet down the rifle barrel. Because this process happens very quickly, no appreciable thermal conduction occurs and the expansion is essentially adiabatic. Your design is such that, once the pressure begins pushing on the pellet, it moves a distance of L = 50.0 cm before leaving the open end of the rifle at your desired speed of v = 120 m/s. Your design also includes a chamber of volume V = 12.0 cm3 in which the high-pressure air is stored until it is released. Your brother reminds you that you need to purchase a pump to pressurize the chamber. To determine what kind of pump to buy, you need to find what the pressure of the air must be in the chamber to achieve your desired muzzle speed. Ignore the effects of the air in front of the bullet and friction with the inside walls of the barrel.