1) The interior of an axon at rest is negatively charged relative to the outside is positively charged relative to the outside has the same charge as the outside has the same concentration of potassium (K+) as the outside 2) The branch-like portions of a neuron that carries information toward the cell body is the axon. dendrite. terminal button. soma.

1) The interior of an axon at rest is negatively charged relative to the outside is positively charged relative to the outside has the same charge as the outside has the same concentration of potassium (K+) as the outside 2) The branch-like portions of a neuron that carries information toward the cell body is the axon. dendrite. terminal button. soma.

Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)

4th Edition

ISBN:9781305389892

Author:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Publisher:Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan

Chapter39: Information Flow And The Neuron

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 7TYK: Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area...

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Watch this video (http://openstaxcollege.org/l/neurotrans) to learn about the release of a neurotransmitter. The action potential reaches the end of the axon, called the axon terminal, and a chemical signal is released to tell the target cell to do something, either initiate a new action potential, or to suppress that activity. In a very short space, the electrical signal of the action potential is changed into the chemical signal of a neurotransmitter, and then back to electrical changes in the target cell membrane. What is the importance of voltage-gated calcium channels in the release of neurotransmitters?
Which of the following does not contribute to propagation of action potentials? a. As the area outside the membrane becomes negative, itattracts ions from adjacent regions; as the inside of the membrane becomes positive, it attracts negative ions from nearby in the cytoplasm. These events depolarize nearby regions of the axon membrane. b. The refractory period allows the impulse to travel in only one direction. c. Each segment of the axon prevents the adjacent segments from firing. d. The magnitude of the action potential stays the same as it travels down the axon. e. Up to a limit, increasing the intensity of the stimulus increases the number of action potentials.
An example of a synapse could be the site where: a. neurotransmitters released by an axon travel across a gap and are picked up by receptors on a muscle cell. b. an electrical impulse arrives at the end of a dendrite causingions to flow onto axons of presynaptic neurons. c. postsynaptic neurons transmit a signal across a cleft to apresynaptic neuron. d. oligodendrocytes contact the dendrites of an afferent neurondirectly. e. an onoff switch stimulates an electrical impulse in apresynaptic cell to stimulate other presynaptic cells.
When the action potential begins, Na+ gates open, allowing Na+ to cross the membrane. The charge difference across the axon membrane changes to a.negative outside and positive inside. b.positive outside and negative inside. c.neutral outside and positive inside. d.There is no difference in charge between outside and inside.
The absolute refractory period of an action potentialA. only ensures one-way travel down an axon.B. only allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first.C. only prevents summation of action potentials within the axonD. ensures one-way travel down an axon and allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the firstE. ensures one-way travel down an axon, allows a neuron to ignore a second signal sent that closely follows the first, and prevents summation of action potentials within the axon
Which of the following is NOT an example of communication that happens from one neuron to another neuron? A. Endocrine signaling (ex. hormones secreted into the blood stream travel and bind to receptors on dstant cells). B. Retrograde neurotransmission (ex.the dendrite releases a neuroactive substance that binds to receptors on the axon terminal of a presynaptic neuron). C. Electrical communication via propagation of action potential from one node of ranvier to the next node of ranvier. D. Volume transmission (ex. neuropeptides diffuse away from the synapse and bind to receptors on adjacent cells) E. Electrical communication through gap junctions.
You prepare a squid giant axon and inject it with a tiny volume of solution containing 0.1 M NaCl and 0.1 M KCl in which both the Na+ and K+ ions are radioactively labeled. The two labeled ions are now inside the axon. You place this axon in a beaker containing seawater medium. The voltage gated sodium and voltage gated potassium channels are completely blocked using specific inhibitors - so they are closed. Under resting conditions (no stimulation of axon), would you expect any movement of the two radiolabeled ions across the cell membrane of the axon? please explain If you now remove the voltage gated sodium channel inhibitor, and keep the voltage gated potassium channel blocked, which of the radioactively labeled ions would you expect to appear within the seawater medium, while the neuron remained at rest (no stimulation of axon). please explain
Sense of smell, also known as olfaction, is the ability to perceive and interpret odours. When a chemical molecule interacts with an odour-receptor protein located on the sensory neuron in the nose, an action potential is triggered and sent along the axon. The interaction between a chemical molecule and an odour-receptor protein will first initiate the movement of _____A______ ______B_____ the _____C______ of the _____D_____ neuron. Using the numbers given below, identify A to D. A B C D Chlorine ions Potassium ions Sodium ions Into Out of Axon Dendrite Axon terminal Nodes of Ranvier Interneuron Motor neuron Sensory neuron A: AnswerB: AnswerC: AnswerD: Answer
Charge from depolarization along the axon reaches the axon terminal, but there is a lack of neurotransmitter release. Which of the following would cause this? Group of answer choices A. Lack of Na+ in the synaptic cleft B. Lack of Ca2+ in the synaptic cleft C. Reduced amount of K+ at the axon terminal D. Lack of voltage-gated sodium channels in the axon terminal
What do you think would happen if you stimulated an axon in its middle rather than at the axon hillock? Explain your reasoning.
Which of the following would increase the speed of a nerve impulse along an axon?A. Decreasing the spacing between the nodes of the axonB. Decreasing the resistance between nodesC. Decreasing the thickness of the myelin sheathD. Increasing the resting potential of the axon
A preganglionic neuron A. has its unmyelinated axon extending from the ganglion to the effector B. has it unmyelinated axon in the CNS & the axon extends to an autonomic ganglion C. has its cell body in the CNS & the dendrite extends to an autonomic ganglion D. has its cell body in the CNS & the axon extends to an autonomic ganglion E. has its cell body in the CNS & the axon extends to the CNS

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		is negatively charged relative to the outside
		is positively charged relative to the outside
		has the same charge as the outside
		has the same concentration of potassium (K+) as the outside