1) what is/are the differences between heat and temperature? (may have more than 1 answer) a) volume b) unit of measurement c) can be determined in hot objects d) can be determined in cold objects? 2) What is/are similarities between heat and temperature? may have more than 1 answer) a) can be determined

1) what is/are the differences between heat and temperature? (may have more than 1 answer) a) volume b) unit of measurement c) can be determined in hot objects d) can be determined in cold objects? 2) What is/are similarities between heat and temperature? may have more than 1 answer) a) can be determined

College Physics

1st Edition

ISBN:9781938168000

Author:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Publisher:Paul Peter Urone, Roger Hinrichs

Chapter14: Heat And Heat Transfer Methods

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 61PE: Thermography is a technique for measuring radiant heat and detecting variations in surface...

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Rub the palm of your hand on a metal surface for 30 to 45 seconds. Place the palm of your other hand on an unrubbed portion of the surface and then on the rubbed portion. The rubbed portion will feel warmer. Now repeat this process on a wooden surface. Why does the temperature difference between the rubbed and unrubbed portions of the wood surface seem larger than for the metal surface?
Rub the palm of your hand on a metal surface for 30 to 45 seconds. Place the palm of your other hand on an unrubbed portion of the surface and then on the rubbed portion. The rubbed portion will feel warmer. Now repeat this process on a wooden surface. Why does the temperature difference between the rubbed and unrubbed portions of the wood surface seem larger than for the metal surface?
Construct Your Own Problem Consider a person outdoors on a cold night. Construct a problem in which you calculate the rate of heat transfer from the person by all three heat transfer methods. Make the initial circumstances such that at rest the person will have a net heat transfer and then decide how much physical activity of a chosen type is necessary to balance the rate of heat transfer. Among the things to consider are the size of the person, type of clothing, initial metabolic rate, sky conditions, amount of water evaporated, and volume of air breathed. Of course, there are many other factors to consider and your instructor may wish to guide you in the assumptions made as well as the detail of analysis and method of presenting your results.
The latent heat of vaporization for water at room temperature is 2 430 J/g. Consider one particular molecule at the surface of a glass of liquid water, moving upward with sufficiently high speed that it will be the next molecule to join the vapor. (a) Find its translational kinetic energy. (b) Find its speed. Now consider a thin gas made only of molecules like that one. (c) What is its temperature? (d) Why are you not burned by water evaporating from a vessel at room temperature?
How can an object transfer heat if the object does not possess a discrete quantity of heat?
A sample of gas with a thermometer immersed in the gas is held over a hot plate. A student is asked to give a step-by-step account of what makes our observation of the temperature of the gas increase. His response includes the following steps, (a) The molecules speed up. (b) Then the molecules collide with one another more often. (c) Internal friction makes the collisions inelastic, (d) Heat is produced in the collisions. (e) The molecules of the gas transfer more energy to the thermometer when they strike it, so we observe that the temperature has gone up. (f) The same process can take place without the use of a hot plate if you quickly push in the piston in an insulated cylinder containing the gas. (i) Which of the parts (a) through
One method at getting a tight fit, say of a metal peg in a hole in a metal block, is to manufacture the peg slightly larger than the hole. The peg is then inserted when at a different temperature than the block. Should the block he hotter or colder than the peg during insertion? Explain your answer.
Even when shut down after a period of normal use, a large commercial nuclear reactor transfers thermal energy at the rate of 150 MW by the radioactive decay of fission products. This heat transfer causes a rapid increase in temperature it the cooling system fails (1 watt 2 1 joule/second or 1W=1J/s and 1MW=1megawatt ). (a) Calculate the rate of temperature increase in degrees Celsius per second (C/s) if the mass of the reactor core is 1.60105kg and it has an average specific heat of 0.3349kJ/kgC. (b) How long would it take to obtain a temperature increase of 2000C, which could cause some metals holding the radioactive materials to melt? (The initial rate of temperature increase would be greater than that calculated here because the heat transfer is concentrated in a smaller mass. Later, however, the temperature increase would slow down because the 5105-kg steel containment vessel would also begin to heat up.) Figure 14.32 Radioactive spentfuel pool at a nuclear power plant. Spent fuel stays hot for a long time. (credit: U.S. Department of Energy)
(a) It is difficult to extinguish a fire on a crude oil tanker, because each liter of crude oil releases 2.80107J of energy when burned. To illustrate this difficulty, calculate the number of liters of water that must be expended to absorb the energy released by burning 1.00 L of crude oil, it the water has its temperature raised from 20.0C to 100C, it boils, and the resulting steam is raised to 300C. (b) Discuss additional complications caused by the fact that crude oil has a smaller density than water.
(a) Calculate the rate of heat conduction through house walls that are 13.0 cm thick and have an average thermal conductivity twice that of glass wool. Assume there are no windows or doors. The walls' surface area is 120 m2 and their inside surface is at 18.0 , while their outside surface is at 5.00 . (b) How many 1-kW room heaters would be needed to balance the heat transfer due to conduction?
Thermography is a technique for measuring radiant heat and detecting variations in surface temperatures that may be medically, environmentally, or militarily meaningful.(a) What is the percent increase in the rate of heat transfer by radiation from a given area at a temperature of 34.0C compared with that at 33.0C, such as on a person’s skin? (b) What is the percent increase in the rate of heat transfer by radiation from a given area at a temperature of 34.0C compared with that at 20.0C, such as for warm and cool automobile hoods? Figure 14.35 Artist’s rendition of a thermograph of a patient’s upper body, showing the distribution of heat represented by different colors.
In Section 5.2, we discussed the phenomenon of thermal expansion. Concept Map 5.4 was to have been used to help you organize and understand this material better. When the map was printed, however, we realized that several key concepts and linking words and phrases had been left out, because it was too late to make any changes in the book+it now becomes your task to complete the map, entering the missing information in the appmpriate places. If you have any trouble doing so, review the reading on thermal expansion and make a lank-ordered list of the important concepts you find there. Use the list in addressing the omissions in the map provided.