1. A community-based intervention program for hypertension was undertaken in two communities to compare the effect of a non-pharmacological and pharmacologic interventions for mild to moderate hypertension. A baseline survey was conducted which yielded the following results: Community A Community B Smoking Habit Hypertensive Normotensive Hypertensive Normotensive Smoker 698 1,325 709 1,342 Non-smoker 748 7,862 885 8,450 ТОTAL 10,633 11,386 а) What is the prevalence of each of the two communities?
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- A statistical program is recommended. Jensen Tire & Auto is in the process of deciding whether to purchase a maintenance contract for its new computer wheel alignment and balancing machine. Managers feel that maintenance expense should be related to usage, and they collected the following information on weekly usage (hours) and annual maintenance expense (in hundreds of dollars). Weekly Usage(hours) AnnualMaintenanceExpense 13 17.0 10 22.0 20 30.0 28 37.0 32 47.0 17 30.5 24 32.5 31 39.0 40 51.5 38 40.0 #1) Develop the estimated regression equation that could be used to predict the annual maintenance expense (in hundreds of dollars) given the weekly usage (in hours). (Round your numerical values to two decimal places.) #2) The expected expense of a machine being used 34 hours per week is $ hundred.Suppose that, as part of a research methods class, Bailey was asked to write a summary of a research paper on the topic of the effects of oil contamination in soil on seed germination rates. Identify the explanatory and the response variables.In low-speed crash tests of five cars, the repair costs were computed for a factory authorizedrepair and an independent repair workshop. The results are listed in Table 2. Is there sufficientevidence to support the claim that the independent workshop has lower repair costs? Use a 0.01significance level.Table 2 car 1 2 3 4 5 authorized repair centre X1 RM797 RM571 RM904 RM1147 RM418 independent workshop X2 RM523 RM488 RM875 RM911 RM297 D=X1 - X2 274 83 29 236 121 D2 = (X1 -X2)2 75076 6889 841 55696 14641
- NutritionResearchers compared protein intake among threegroups of postmenopausal women: (1) women eating astandard American diet (STD), (2) women eating a lactoovo-vegetarian diet (LAC), and (3) women eating a strictvegetarian diet (VEG). The mean ± 1 sd for protein intake(mg) is presented in Table 12.29. 12.5 Using the data in Table 12.29, perform a multiplecomparisons procedure to identify which specific underlyingmeans are different.In a study to determine if using low-intensity laser therapy reduces pain for orthodontic patients who are fitted with new braces, patients were randomly assigned to either a control group (who did not receive laser treatment) or an experimental group who did receive laser treatment.† The researchers found that the mean pain rating was lower for those in the laser treatment group than for those in the control group both two days and six days after receiving braces. The researchers used these data to determine if there was evidence to support the claim that the mean pain rating is lower for patients who receive the laser treatment. Answer the four key questions. Q, Question Type: Estimation or hypothesis testing? estimationhypothesis testing S, Study Type: Sample data or experiment data? sample dataexperiment data T, Type of Data: One variable or two? Categorical or numerical? one categorical variableone numerical variable two categorical variablestwo numerical variables…. Although there is a popular belief that herbal remedies such as Ginkgo biloba and Ginseng may improve learning and memory in healthy adults, these effects are usually not supported by wellcontrolled research (Persson, Bringlov, Nilsson, and Nyberg, 2004). In a typical study, a researcher obtains a sample of n = 16 participants and has each person take the herbal supplements every day for 90 days. At the end of the 90 days, each person takes a standardized memory test. For the general population, scores from the test form a normal distribution with a mean of μ = 50 and a standard deviation of σ = 12. The sample of research participants had an average of M = 54. Assuming a two-tailed test, state the null hypothesis in a sentence that includes the two variables being examined. Using the standard 4-step procedure, conduct a two-tailed hypothesis test with α = .05 to evaluate the effect of the supplements.
- NutritionResearchers compared protein intake among threegroups of postmenopausal women: (1) women eating astandard American diet (STD), (2) women eating a lactoovo-vegetarian diet (LAC), and (3) women eating a strictvegetarian diet (VEG). The mean ± 1 sd for protein intake(mg) is presented in Table 12.29. *12.3 Compare the means of each specific pair of groupsusing the LSD methodology.The following cross-table is obtained in a study that examines the relationship between the Department of Education and Competency types. Accordingly, test whether there is a relationship between the two variables at the 10% significance level.1. It is possible to estimate the average treatment effect of a policy or program using a difference-in-differences design using just two periods of panel data. True False 2. It is possible to test the assumptions underlying a difference-in-differences design using just two periods of panel data. True False 3. In a randomised control trial, at baseline we randomly assign a group of people to either treatment or control conditions and then follow up to measure outcomes at endline. Attrition occurs when we are unable to find individuals at endline who were present at baseline. Attrition is an example of incidental truncation. True False
- The following data were obtained from an independent-measures study comparing three treatment conditions. Use an ANOVA with a = .05 to determine whether there are any significant differences among the three treatment means.In which situation would a researcher need to use a one-way independent measures ANOVA to analyze the data? a. A researcher is interested in whether a sensitivity training class changes attitudes toward minority populations and assesses these attitudes before and after the sensitivity training class. b. A researcher is interested in the effects of distraction on driving performance and randomly assigns participants to one of three distraction groups. c. A researcher is interested in a longitudinal study that follows a group of kindergarten children through high school and assesses their body mass index at four time points. d. A researcher classifies a group of college students on the basis of their political leanings as Liberal, Conservative, NDP, or PQ.It turns out that the survey study at the U of M sampled students from a single student residence hall. Explain why sampling students from a single residence hall would have an impact on the external validity of the study.